Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
Nutrients. 2020 Mar 11;12(3):745. doi: 10.3390/nu12030745.
In the past few decades, interest in the therapeutic benefits of exosomes and extracellular vesicles (EVs) has grown exponentially. Exosomes/EVs are small particles which are produced and exocytosed by cells throughout the body. They are loaded with active regulatory and stimulatory molecules from the parent cell including miRNAs and enzymes, making them prime targets in therapeutics and diagnostics. Breast milk, known for years to have beneficial health effects, contains a population of EVs which may mediate its therapeutic effects. This review offers an update on the therapeutic potential of exosomes/EVs in disease, with a focus on EVs present in human breast milk and their remedial effect in the gastrointestinal disease necrotizing enterocolitis. Additionally, the relationship between EV miRNAs, health, and disease will be examined, along with the potential for EVs and their miRNAs to be engineered for targeted treatments.
在过去的几十年中，人们对细胞外囊泡（EVs）和外泌体的治疗益处的兴趣呈指数级增长。外泌体/ EVs 是由全身细胞产生和外排的小颗粒。它们装载有来自母细胞的活性调节和刺激分子，包括 miRNA 和酶，使其成为治疗和诊断的主要靶点。多年来，人们一直知道母乳具有有益的健康作用，其中含有一种可能介导其治疗作用的 EV 群体。本综述介绍了外泌体/ EV 在疾病中的治疗潜力的最新进展，重点介绍了存在于人乳中的 EV 及其在坏死性小肠结肠炎等胃肠道疾病中的治疗作用。此外，还将研究 EV miRNAs 与健康和疾病之间的关系，以及针对特定治疗对 EVs 和它们的 miRNA 进行工程改造的可能性。
