School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P. R. China.
Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
J Agric Food Chem. 2022 Jun 1;70(21):6285-6299. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00631. Epub 2022 May 18.
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of small noncoding RNA involved in physiological and pathological processes the regulation of gene expression. Naked miRNAs are unstable and liable to degradation by RNases. Exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) secreted by plants and extracellular vesicles (EVs) found in milk are abundant in miRNAs, which can be carried by ELNs and EVs to target cells to exert their bioactivities. In this review, we describe the current understanding of miRNAs in plant ELNs and milk EVs, summarize their important roles in regulation of inflammation, intestinal barrier, tumors, and infantile immunological functions, and also discuss the adverse effect of EV miRNAs on human health. Additionally, we prospect recent challenges centered around ELN and EV miRNAs for interventional applications and provide insights of grain-derived ELNs and miRNAs interventional use in human health. Overall, plant ELNs and milk EVs can transfer miRNAs to mitigate the pathological status of recipient cells by mediating the expression of target genes but may also exert some side effects. More studies are required to elucidate the in-depth understanding of potential interventional effects of ELN and EV miRNAs on human health.
微小 RNA（miRNA）是一类参与生理和病理过程的小非编码 RNA，调节基因表达。裸 miRNA 不稳定，容易被核糖核酸酶降解。植物分泌的外泌体样纳米颗粒（ELNs）和乳中的细胞外囊泡（EVs）中富含 miRNA，这些 miRNA 可以通过 ELNs 和 EVs 被携带到靶细胞中，发挥其生物活性。在这篇综述中，我们描述了 miRNA 在植物 ELNs 和乳 EVs 中的现有认识，总结了它们在调节炎症、肠道屏障、肿瘤和婴儿免疫功能中的重要作用，并讨论了 EV miRNA 对人类健康的不良影响。此外，我们还探讨了以 ELN 和 EV miRNA 为中心的最新挑战，为干预应用提供了见解，并探讨了谷物衍生的 ELNs 和 miRNA 干预应用于人类健康的潜力。总的来说，植物 ELNs 和乳 EVs 可以通过调节靶基因的表达将 miRNA 传递到受体细胞，从而减轻其病理状态，但也可能产生一些副作用。需要更多的研究来阐明 ELN 和 EV miRNA 对人类健康的潜在干预作用的深入理解。
