Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
Pediatr Res. 2020 Nov;88(5):769-775. doi: 10.1038/s41390-020-0838-1. Epub 2020 Mar 13.
To test whether children awaken from slow wave sleep and perform an escape procedure better in response to a smoke alarm that uses a male voice, female voice, combination of a low-frequency tone plus a female voice (hybrid alarm), or high-frequency tone.
Using a randomized, non-blinded, repeated-measures design, 188 children aged 5-12 years were exposed during stage 4 slow wave sleep to four smoke alarms.
Among study subjects, 84.6%, 87.2%, 88.8%, and 56.4% awakened and 84.0%, 86.7%, 88.8%, and 55.3% successfully performed the escape procedure within 5 min of alarm onset in response to the male voice, female voice, hybrid, and high-frequency tone alarms, respectively, while the median time-to-escape was 12.0, 12.0, 13.0, and 96.5 s for these four alarms, respectively. All pairwise comparisons between the high-frequency tone alarm and each of the other three alarms were statistically significant for the proportions of subjects who awakened or escaped and for time-to-awaken and time-to-escape. There were no significant differences in these outcome measures between the latter three alarms.
Use of the male or female voice or hybrid alarms in children's sleep areas may reduce residential fire-related injuries and deaths among children old enough to perform self-rescue.
The male voice, female voice, and hybrid alarms were each significantly more effective than a high-frequency tone alarm in awakening children aged 5-12 years from slow wave sleep and prompting their performance of an escape procedure. There were no significant differences in the effectiveness of the male voice, female voice, and hybrid alarms when compared with each other. Use of these alarms in children's sleep areas may reduce residential fire-related injuries and deaths among children old enough to perform self-rescue.
为了测试儿童在听到使用男声、女声、低频音加女声的组合（混合警报）或高频音的烟雾报警器时，是否能从慢波睡眠中醒来并更好地执行逃生程序。
使用随机、非盲、重复测量设计，188 名 5-12 岁的儿童在第四阶段慢波睡眠期间暴露于四种烟雾报警器下。
在研究对象中，84.6%、87.2%、88.8%和 56.4%在听到男、女、混合和高频音警报后醒来，84.0%、86.7%、88.8%和 55.3%在警报响起后 5 分钟内成功执行逃生程序，而中位逃生时间分别为 12.0、12.0、13.0 和 96.5 秒。高频音警报与其他三种警报在唤醒和逃生比例以及唤醒和逃生时间方面的所有两两比较均具有统计学意义。后三种警报在这些结果测量上没有显著差异。
在儿童睡眠区域使用男声、女声或混合警报可能会降低足够大的儿童因住宅火灾而受伤和死亡的风险。
与高频音警报相比，男、女和混合警报在唤醒 5-12 岁儿童的慢波睡眠并促使他们执行逃生程序方面均更有效。男、女和混合警报之间的有效性没有显著差异。在儿童睡眠区域使用这些警报可能会降低足够大的儿童因住宅火灾而受伤和死亡的风险。
