家用烟雾报警器和火灾逃生计划。
Residential smoke alarms and fire escape plans.
作者信息
Harvey P A, Sacks J J, Ryan G W, Bender P F
机构信息
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
出版信息
Public Health Rep. 1998 Sep-Oct;113(5):459-64.
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the proportion of U.S. homes with installed smoke alarms, smoke alarms on the same floor as occupants' bedrooms, and fire escape plans.
METHODS
The authors analyzed data on smoke alarm use and fire escape planning from a 1994 stratified random telephone survey of 5238 U.S. households.
RESULTS
Respondents from 91% of surveyed households reported the presence of at least one installed smoke alarm, and 94% of respondents reported having an alarm on the same level of the home as their sleeping area. The prevalence of installed smoke alarms varied by highest education level in the household and income level. Sixty percent of all households had designed or discussed a fire escape plan at least once; only 17% of these households had actually practiced one.
CONCLUSIONS
Although overall use of smoke alarms was high, certain population subgroups were less likely to have smoke alarms or to have them installed on the same floor as bedrooms. Fire escape planning, another important safety measure, was somewhat less common, and very few respondents reported having practiced a fire escape plan with the members of their household.
目的
估算美国安装了烟雾报警器的家庭比例、烟雾报警器安装在与居住者卧室同一楼层的家庭比例以及制定了火灾逃生计划的家庭比例。
方法
作者分析了1994年对5238户美国家庭进行的分层随机电话调查中有关烟雾报警器使用情况和火灾逃生计划制定情况的数据。
结果
91%的受访家庭的受访者报告称家中至少安装了一个烟雾报警器，94%的受访者报告称在住宅中与睡眠区域同一楼层安装了报警器。已安装烟雾报警器的比例因家庭中最高教育水平和收入水平而异。60%的家庭至少设计或讨论过一次火灾逃生计划；其中只有17%的家庭实际演练过火灾逃生计划。
结论
尽管烟雾报警器的总体使用率较高，但某些人群亚组安装烟雾报警器或在与卧室同一楼层安装烟雾报警器的可能性较小。火灾逃生计划制定作为另一项重要的安全措施，相对不那么普遍，很少有受访者报告称与家庭成员一起演练过火灾逃生计划。
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