Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Wildlife Health Building, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2123:93-112. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0346-8_8.
Avian influenza (AI) viruses have been routinely isolated from a wide diversity of free-living avian species, representing numerous taxonomic orders. Birds in orders Anseriformes and Charadriiformes are considered the natural reservoirs for all AI viruses; it is from these orders that AI viruses have been most frequently isolated. Since first recognized in the late 1800s, AI viruses have been an important cause of disease in poultry and, occasionally, in non-gallinaceous birds and mammals. While AI viruses tend to be of low pathogenicity (LP) in wild birds, the 2014-2015 incursion of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx viruses into North America and the recent circulation of HPAI H5 viruses in European wild birds highlight the need for targeted, thorough, and continuous surveillance programs in the wild bird reservoir. Such programs are crucial to understanding the potential risk for the incursion of AI into human and domestic animal populations. The aim of this chapter is to provide general concepts and guidelines for the planning and implementation of surveillance plans for AI viruses in wild birds.
禽流感（AI）病毒已从广泛的自由生活鸟类物种中常规分离出来，代表了许多分类目。鸭形目和鸻形目鸟类被认为是所有 AI 病毒的天然宿主；从这些目中，最常分离到 AI 病毒。自 19 世纪末首次被发现以来，AI 病毒一直是家禽疾病的重要原因，偶尔也会感染非禽类鸟类和哺乳动物。虽然 AI 病毒在野生鸟类中通常具有低致病性（LP），但 2014-2015 年高致病性禽流感（HPAI）clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx 病毒传入北美的情况以及最近欧洲野生鸟类中 HPAI H5 病毒的传播情况，突出表明需要在野生鸟类宿主中进行有针对性、彻底和持续的监测计划。这些计划对于了解 AI 病毒进入人类和家畜种群的潜在风险至关重要。本章的目的是为野生鸟类 AI 病毒监测计划的规划和实施提供一般概念和指导方针。
