澳大利亚的禽流感：五年野生鸟类监测总结
Avian influenza in Australia: a summary of 5 years of wild bird surveillance.
作者信息
Grillo V L, Arzey K E, Hansbro P M, Hurt A C, Warner S, Bergfeld J, Burgess G W, Cookson B, Dickason C J, Ferenczi M, Hollingsworth T, Hoque Mda, Jackson R B, Klaassen M, Kirkland P D, Kung N Y, Lisovski S, O'Dea M A, O'Riley K, Roshier D, Skerratt L F, Tracey J P, Wang X, Woods R, Post L
机构信息
Wildlife Health Australia, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia.
Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Camden, NSW, Australia.
出版信息
Aust Vet J. 2015 Nov;93(11):387-93. doi: 10.1111/avj.12379.
BACKGROUND
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are found worldwide in numerous bird species, causing significant disease in gallinaceous poultry and occasionally other species. Surveillance of wild bird reservoirs provides an opportunity to add to the understanding of the epidemiology of AIVs.
METHODS
This study examined key findings from the National Avian Influenza Wild Bird Surveillance Program over a 5-year period (July 2007-June 2012), the main source of information on AIVs circulating in Australia.
RESULTS
The overall proportion of birds that tested positive for influenza A via PCR was 1.9 ± 0.1%, with evidence of widespread exposure of Australian wild birds to most low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) subtypes (H1-13, H16). LPAI H5 subtypes were found to be dominant and widespread during this 5-year period.
CONCLUSION
Given Australia's isolation, both geographically and ecologically, it is important for Australia not to assume that the epidemiology of AIV from other geographic regions applies here. Despite all previous highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Australian poultry being attributed to H7 subtypes, widespread detection of H5 subtypes in wild birds may represent an ongoing risk to the Australian poultry industry.
背景
禽流感病毒（AIVs）在全球范围内的众多鸟类物种中均有发现，可导致鸡形目家禽出现严重疾病，偶尔也会感染其他物种。对野生鸟类宿主进行监测有助于加深对禽流感病毒流行病学的理解。
方法
本研究调查了国家禽流感野生鸟类监测计划在5年期间（2007年7月至2012年6月）的主要发现，该计划是澳大利亚禽流感病毒传播信息的主要来源。
结果
通过PCR检测呈甲型流感阳性的鸟类总体比例为1.9±0.1%，这表明澳大利亚野生鸟类广泛接触了大多数低致病性禽流感（LPAI）亚型（H1-13、H16）。在此5年期间，发现LPAI H5亚型占主导地位且分布广泛。
结论
鉴于澳大利亚在地理和生态上的隔离状态，澳大利亚不应假定其他地理区域的禽流感病毒流行病学情况在此也适用。尽管此前澳大利亚家禽业所有高致病性禽流感疫情均归因于H7亚型，但在野生鸟类中广泛检测到H5亚型可能对澳大利亚家禽业构成持续风险。
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