Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2020 Jul;74(7):383-391. doi: 10.1111/pcn.13000. Epub 2020 Apr 28.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease. Various inflammatory processes account for the pathology of AD, and macrophages in particular have a distinct polarization phenotype related to M1/M2 classification. We aimed to investigate macrophage polarization patterns as an indicator of cognitive function in AD.
We recruited 54 non-demented individuals as control and 105 AD patients as experimental groups respectively. Percentages of macrophage (PM2K CD14 and PM2K CD14 ) and macrophage polarization subsets (M1, M2a, M2b, and M2c) were assessed using flow cytometry. All AD patients were classified by dementia severity using clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR) as CDR 0.5, 1 and ≧2. AD patients had cognitive function evaluation using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Cognitive Assessment Screening Instrument (CASI). We compared the macrophage polarization patterns between control and patient groups. Cognitive function was evaluated in association with macrophage polarization patterns in AD patients.
The percentages of PM2K CD14 and PM2K CD14 macrophages were higher in AD patients than in controls. M2b macrophage subset decrement and M1 macrophage subset increment of PM2K CD14 and PM2K CD14 macrophages were observed in AD patients compared with controls. Although percentages of macrophage subsets were not consistent with CDR staging, PM2K CD14 M2b macrophage subset decrement was correlated with worse cognitive functioning by MMSE and CASI in AD patients.
M2b macrophage subset decrement and M1 macrophage subset increment were noted in AD patients, while PM2K CD14 M2b macrophage subset decrement indicated worse cognitive function in such patients.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种慢性神经退行性疾病。各种炎症过程导致 AD 的病理学，特别是巨噬细胞具有与 M1/M2 分类相关的独特极化表型。我们旨在研究巨噬细胞极化模式作为 AD 认知功能的指标。
我们分别招募了 54 名非痴呆个体作为对照组和 105 名 AD 患者作为实验组。使用流式细胞术评估巨噬细胞（PM2K CD14 和 PM2K CD14）和巨噬细胞极化亚群（M1、M2a、M2b 和 M2c）的百分比。所有 AD 患者均根据临床痴呆评定量表（CDR）分为 CDR 0.5、1 和≧2 进行痴呆严重程度分类。使用简易精神状态检查（MMSE）和认知评估筛选工具（CASI）对 AD 患者进行认知功能评估。我们比较了对照组和患者组之间的巨噬细胞极化模式。评估了 AD 患者中与巨噬细胞极化模式相关的认知功能。
AD 患者的 PM2K CD14 和 PM2K CD14 巨噬细胞百分比高于对照组。与对照组相比，AD 患者的 PM2K CD14 和 PM2K CD14 巨噬细胞中 M2b 巨噬细胞亚群减少和 M1 巨噬细胞亚群增加。尽管巨噬细胞亚群的百分比与 CDR 分期不一致，但 PM2K CD14 M2b 巨噬细胞亚群减少与 AD 患者的 MMSE 和 CASI 认知功能较差相关。
AD 患者中观察到 M2b 巨噬细胞亚群减少和 M1 巨噬细胞亚群增加，而 PM2K CD14 M2b 巨噬细胞亚群减少表明此类患者的认知功能更差。
