Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
Clin Immunol. 2020 May;214:108385. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108385. Epub 2020 Mar 12.
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a common vasculitis of childhood, typically affecting children under the age of five. Despite many aspects of its presentation that bear resemblence to acute infection, no causative infectious agent has been identified despite years of intense scrutiny. Unlike most infections, however, there are significant differences in racial predilection that suggest a strong genetic influence. The inflammatory response in KD specifically targets the coronary arteries, also unusual for an infectious condition. In this review, we discuss recent hypotheses on KD pathogenesis as well as new insights into the innate immune response and mechanisms behind vascular damage. The pathogenesis is complex, however, and remains inadequately understood.
川崎病（KD）是一种常见的儿童血管炎，通常影响五岁以下的儿童。尽管其表现的许多方面与急性感染相似，但尽管经过多年的深入研究，仍未发现任何致病的感染因子。然而，与大多数感染不同的是，其在种族倾向方面存在显著差异，这表明其受到强烈的遗传影响。KD 的炎症反应特别针对冠状动脉，这在感染性疾病中也不常见。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 KD 发病机制的最新假说，以及对先天免疫反应和血管损伤背后机制的新见解。然而，发病机制很复杂，目前仍了解不足。
