LGL Limited, environmental research associates, 22 Fisher St., King City, ON L7B 1A6, Canada.
Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Ocean Acoustics Lab, Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2020 May;154:111026. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111026. Epub 2020 Mar 13.
Impulsive sounds generated during seismic surveys have elicited behavioral responses in marine mammals and could cause hearing impairment or injury. Mitigating exposure to seismic sound often relies on real-time marine mammal detection. Detection performance is influenced by detection method, environmental conditions, and observer experience. We conducted a field comparison of real-time detections made by marine mammal observers (MMOs), a rotating infrared (IR) camera, and via passive acoustic monitoring (PAM). Data were collected from a 38 m research vessel offshore Atlantic Canada. Our results indicate that overall detection rates increase when complementary methods are used. MMOs and PAM are likely the most effective combination during high seas and precipitation. PAM and IR can be used in darkness. In good visibility, MMOs with IR or PAM should increase detections. Our results illustrate the importance of addressing false positive IR detections, matching system capabilities to sea conditions/species of interest, and employing experienced observers.
地震调查期间产生的冲动性声音会引起海洋哺乳动物的行为反应，并可能导致听力损伤或伤害。减轻对地震声音的暴露通常依赖于实时海洋哺乳动物检测。检测性能受到检测方法、环境条件和观察者经验的影响。我们对海洋哺乳动物观察者（MMO）、旋转式红外（IR）摄像机和被动声学监测（PAM）进行了实时检测的现场比较。数据是从加拿大近海的一艘 38 米长的研究船上收集的。我们的结果表明，当使用补充方法时，整体检测率会增加。在公海和降水期间，MMO 和 PAM 可能是最有效的组合。在黑暗中可以使用 PAM 和 IR。在良好的能见度下，配备 IR 或 PAM 的 MMO 应该会增加检测次数。我们的结果说明了解决红外误报检测、使系统能力与海况/感兴趣的物种相匹配以及使用经验丰富的观察者的重要性。
