Rizzo Piervincenzo
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 729 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA.
Biomed Eng Lett. 2019 Aug 8;10(1):83-102. doi: 10.1007/s13534-019-00126-8. eCollection 2020 Feb.
Dental implants and transcutaneous prostheses (trans-femoral implants) improve the quality of life of millions of people because they represent the optimal treatments to edentulism and amputation, respectively. The clinical procedures adopted by surgeons to insert these implants are well established. However, there is uncertainty on the outcomes of the post-operation recovery because of the uncertainty associated with the osseointegration process, which is defined as the direct, structural and functional contact between the living bone and the fixture. To guarantee the long-term survivability of dental or trans-femoral implants doctors sometimes implement non-invasive techniques to monitor and evaluate the progress of osseointegration. This may be done by measuring the stability of the fixture or by assessing the quality of the bone-fixture interface. In addition, care providers may need to quantify the structural integrity of the bone-implant system at various moments during the patients recovery. The accuracy of such non-invasive methods reduce recovery and rehabilitation time, and may increase the survival rate of the therapies with undisputable benefits for the patients. This paper provides a comprehensive review of clinically-approved and emerging non-invasive methods to evaluate/monitor the osseointegration of dental and orthopedic implants. A discussion about advantages and limitations of each method is provided based on the outcomes of the cases presented. The review on the emerging technologies covers the developments of the last decade, while the discussion about the clinically approved systems focuses mostly on the latest (2017-2018) findings. At last, the review also provides some suggestions for future researches and developments in the area of implant monitoring.
牙种植体和经皮假体（经股骨植入物）改善了数百万人的生活质量，因为它们分别是治疗无牙症和截肢的最佳方法。外科医生用于植入这些植入物的临床程序已经成熟。然而，由于与骨整合过程相关的不确定性，术后恢复的结果存在不确定性，骨整合过程被定义为活骨与固定装置之间的直接、结构和功能接触。为了保证牙种植体或经股骨植入物的长期存活率，医生有时会采用非侵入性技术来监测和评估骨整合的进展。这可以通过测量固定装置的稳定性或评估骨-固定装置界面的质量来实现。此外，护理人员可能需要在患者恢复过程中的不同时刻量化骨-植入物系统的结构完整性。这种非侵入性方法的准确性可以减少恢复和康复时间，并可能提高治疗的存活率，这对患者有无疑的好处。本文全面综述了临床认可的和新兴的非侵入性方法，以评估/监测牙种植体和骨科植入物的骨整合情况。基于所呈现病例的结果，对每种方法的优缺点进行了讨论。对新兴技术的综述涵盖了过去十年的发展，而对临床认可系统的讨论主要集中在最新（2017-2018年）的研究结果上。最后，综述还为植入物监测领域的未来研究和发展提供了一些建议。
