Psychology and Neuroscience Lab, EA 7489, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, CNRS UMR 8174, Paris, France.
PLoS One. 2020 Mar 16;15(3):e0229096. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229096. eCollection 2020.
Redistribution preferences depend on factors such as self-interest and political views. Recently, Deffains et al. (2016) reported that redistributive behavior is also sensitive to the actual experience of success or failure in a real effort task. While successful participants ('overachievers') are more likely to attribute their success to their effort rather than luck and opt for less redistribution, unsuccessful participants ('underachievers') tend to attribute their failure to external factors and opt for more redistribution. The aim of the present study was to test how the experience of success (symbolic success) and political views interact in producing redistributive behavior in an experimental setting. The study was conducted during the 2017 French presidential election. Our sample was biased towards left-wing, and most participants reported voting for Mélenchon, Hamon or Macron. Our findings reveal that 1) Macron voters redistribute less than Hamon voters who themselves redistribute less than Mélenchon voters, 2) overachievers redistribute less than underachievers only among Mélenchon voters. This suggests that redistributive behavior is governed primarily by political opinions, and that influence by exogenous manipulation of symbolic success is not homogenous across left-wing political groups.
分配偏好取决于自身利益和政治观点等因素。最近，Deffains 等人（2016）报告称，分配行为也对实际努力任务中的实际成功或失败体验敏感。成功的参与者（“成绩优异者”）更有可能将成功归因于努力而非运气，并选择较少的再分配，而不成功的参与者（“成绩较差者”）则倾向于将失败归因于外部因素，并选择更多的再分配。本研究旨在测试在实验环境中，成功体验（象征性成功）和政治观点如何相互作用产生分配行为。该研究在 2017 年法国总统选举期间进行。我们的样本偏向于左翼，大多数参与者表示投票给梅朗雄、阿蒙或马克龙。我们的研究结果表明：1）马克龙的选民比阿蒙的选民再分配少，而阿蒙的选民又比梅朗雄的选民再分配少；2）只有在梅朗雄的选民中，成绩优异者比成绩较差者再分配少。这表明，分配行为主要由政治观点决定，而对象征性成功的外部操纵的影响在左翼政治群体中并不一致。
