Environmental and Medicine Sciences, Institute of Naval Medicine, Gosport, UK
Underwater Medicine Division, Institute of Naval Medicine, Gosport, UK.
Occup Environ Med. 2020 Jun;77(6):368-373. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2019-106292. Epub 2020 Mar 16.
To determine the effect of prolonged exposure to a submarine environment on biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in Royal Navy (RN) submariners.
Serum lipids (cholesterol (C), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C), glucose, insulin and anthropometrics were compared within three RN submarine crews before and after submerged patrols of 12 or 6 weeks, and with a crew that remained ashore (SUB-HOME). Dietary intake and activity patterns were self-reported during each patrol. Differences were assessed in crew characteristics using one-way analysis of variance and in serum lipids using paired t-tests.
Postpatrol, the mean body weight of submerged crews decreased (-1.4±4.2 kg, p=0.0001), but increased in SUB-HOME (1.9±1.8 kg, p=0.0001). Modest improvements in serum lipids (mean individual change (mmol/L); C=-0.3±0.7, p=0.0001; TG=-0.3±0.7, p=0.0001; HDL-C=-0.1±0.3, p=0.0001; non-HDL-C=-0.2±0.6, p=0.012), glucose (-0.2±0.5, p=0.0001) and insulin (-1.5±4.6 mU/L, p=0.001) were observed in submerged crews. Changes in serum lipids were positively associated with changes in body weight within crews combined. Energy intake was maintained during submerged patrols but was lower compared with non-submerged (11 139±2792 vs. 9617±2466 kJ, p=0.001; 11 062±2775 vs. 9632±2682 kJ, p=0.003).
The environment of a submerged submarine produced no adverse effects on serum biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in crew. Conversely, modest improvements in these biomarkers were associated with a decrease in body weight.
确定长时间暴露在潜艇环境中对英国皇家海军（RN）潜艇兵的心脏代谢风险生物标志物的影响。
在进行为期 12 或 6 周的水下巡逻前后，对 3 名 RN 潜艇兵的血清脂质（胆固醇（C）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（非-HDL-C））、葡萄糖、胰岛素和人体测量值进行比较，并与留在岸上的潜艇兵（SUB-HOME）进行比较。在每次巡逻期间，潜艇兵都报告了饮食摄入和活动模式。使用单因素方差分析评估潜艇兵的特征差异，使用配对 t 检验评估血清脂质差异。
巡逻后，水下作业人员的平均体重下降（-1.4±4.2 公斤，p=0.0001），而 SUB-HOME 人员的体重增加（1.9±1.8 公斤，p=0.0001）。血清脂质的适度改善（个体变化的平均变化（mmol/L）；C=-0.3±0.7，p=0.0001；TG=-0.3±0.7，p=0.0001；HDL-C=-0.1±0.3，p=0.0001；非-HDL-C=-0.2±0.6，p=0.012）、葡萄糖（-0.2±0.5，p=0.0001）和胰岛素（-1.5±4.6 mU/L，p=0.001）在水下作业人员中观察到。综合来看，潜艇兵的体重变化与血清脂质的变化呈正相关。在水下巡逻期间，能量摄入得以维持，但与非水下巡逻相比，能量摄入较低（11139±2792 比 9617±2466 kJ，p=0.001；11062±2775 比 9632±2682 kJ，p=0.003）。
水下潜艇的环境对潜艇兵的心脏代谢风险血清生物标志物没有不良影响。相反，这些生物标志物的适度改善与体重下降有关。
