Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
Section of Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2128:87-92. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0385-7_6.
There are now a number of different mouse models for type 1 diabetes. The best known is the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse which has a genetic susceptibility to autoimmune diabetes with some features that are similar to human type 1 diabetes. The mice also have a propensity to other autoimmune diatheses, including autoimmune thyroid disease and sialadenitis. In addition, it is well known that environmental factors affect the incidence of disease in these mice. While there are other rodent models, including numerous transgenic and knockout models, as well as those that express human proteins, none of these develop spontaneous diabetes over a period of time, when the natural history can be studied. We focus here on the unmanipulated NOD mouse and discuss features of the husbandry and investigation of the mice that allow for use of these long-studied mice in the pathogenesis of an autoimmune type of diabetes.
目前有许多不同的 1 型糖尿病小鼠模型。最著名的是非肥胖型糖尿病（NOD）小鼠，它具有易患自身免疫性糖尿病的遗传倾向，其某些特征与人类 1 型糖尿病相似。这些小鼠还容易发生其他自身免疫性疾病，包括自身免疫性甲状腺疾病和唾液腺炎。此外，众所周知，环境因素会影响这些小鼠的疾病发生率。虽然还有其他啮齿动物模型，包括许多转基因和基因敲除模型，以及表达人类蛋白的模型，但这些模型在一段时间内都不会自发发生糖尿病，在此期间可以研究其自然病史。我们在这里重点介绍未经人工操作的 NOD 小鼠，并讨论饲养和研究这些小鼠的特征，这些特征使得这些经过长期研究的小鼠可用于研究自身免疫性糖尿病的发病机制。
