Département de Productions Végétales, Laboratoire Amélioration Intégrative Des Productions Végétales (AIPV, C2711100), Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique (ENSA), Hassan Badi, El Harrach, Algiers 16000, Algeria.
Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR), Research Division of Palermo, Corso Calatafimi 414, 90129 Palermo, Italy.
Genes (Basel). 2020 Mar 13;11(3):303. doi: 10.3390/genes11030303.
Genetic diversity and population structure studies of local olive germplasm are important to safeguard biodiversity, for genetic resources management and to improve the knowledge on the distribution and evolution patterns of this species. In the present study Algerian olive germplasm was characterized using 16 nuclear (nuSSR) and six chloroplast (cpSSR) microsatellites. Algerian varieties, collected from the National Olive Germplasm Repository (ITAFV), 10 of which had never been genotyped before, were analyzed. Our results highlighted the presence of an exclusive genetic core represented by 13 cultivars located in a mountainous area in the North-East of Algeria, named Little Kabylie. Comparison with published datasets, representative of the Mediterranean genetic background, revealed that the most Algerian varieties showed affinity with Central and Eastern Mediterranean cultivars. Interestingly, cpSSR phylogenetic analysis supported results from nuSSRs, highlighting similarities between Algerian germplasm and wild olives from Greece, Italy, Spain and Morocco. This study sheds light on the genetic relationship of Algerian and Mediterranean olive germplasm suggesting possible events of secondary domestication and/or crossing and hybridization across the Mediterranean area. Our findings revealed a distinctive genetic background for cultivars from Little Kabylie and support the increasing awareness that North Africa represents a hotspot of diversity for crop varieties and crop wild relative species.
对当地橄榄种质资源进行遗传多样性和群体结构研究对于保护生物多样性、进行遗传资源管理以及提高对该物种分布和进化模式的认识非常重要。本研究利用 16 个核（nuSSR）和 6 个叶绿体（cpSSR）微卫星标记对阿尔及利亚橄榄种质资源进行了特征描述。所分析的阿尔及利亚品种来自国家橄榄种质资源库（ITAFV），其中 10 个品种以前从未进行过基因型分析。我们的研究结果表明，在阿尔及利亚东北部山区，存在一个由 13 个品种组成的独特遗传核心，被称为小卡比利亚。与代表地中海遗传背景的已发表数据集进行比较表明，大多数阿尔及利亚品种与中东部地中海品种具有亲缘关系。有趣的是，叶绿体 SSR 系统发育分析支持了 nuSSR 的结果，突出了阿尔及利亚种质资源与来自希腊、意大利、西班牙和摩洛哥的野生橄榄之间的相似性。本研究揭示了阿尔及利亚和地中海橄榄种质资源的遗传关系，表明在地中海地区可能发生了二次驯化和/或杂交事件。我们的研究结果表明，来自小卡比利亚的品种具有独特的遗传背景，支持了这样一种认识，即北非是作物品种和作物野生近缘种多样性的热点地区。
