Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Nishi 5, Kita 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.
Proc Biol Sci. 2020 Mar 25;287(1923):20200176. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0176. Epub 2020 Mar 18.
Noise pollution is pervasive across every ecosystem on Earth. Although decades of research have documented a variety of negative impacts of noise to organisms, key gaps remain, such as how noise affects different taxa within a biological community and how effects of noise propagate across space. We experimentally applied traffic noise pollution to multiple roadless areas and quantified the impacts of noise on birds, grasshoppers and odonates. We show that acoustically oriented birds have reduced species richness and abundance and different community compositions in experimentally noise-exposed areas relative to comparable quiet locations. We also found both acoustically oriented grasshoppers and odonates without acoustic receptors to have reduced species richness and/or abundance in relatively quiet areas that abut noise-exposed areas. These results suggest that noise pollution not only affects acoustically oriented animals, but that noise may reverberate through biological communities through indirect effects to those with no clear links to the acoustic realm, even in adjacent quiet environments.
噪声污染在地球上的每个生态系统中都普遍存在。尽管几十年来的研究已经记录了噪声对生物的各种负面影响，但仍存在一些关键的空白，例如噪声如何影响生物群落中的不同分类群，以及噪声如何在空间中传播。我们在多个无道路地区进行了交通噪声污染实验，并量化了噪声对鸟类、蝗虫和蜻蜓目昆虫的影响。我们发现，与可比的安静地点相比，在实验噪声暴露区，声学定向鸟类的物种丰富度和丰度降低，群落组成也不同。我们还发现，即使在与噪声暴露区相邻的相对安静的地区，没有声接收器的声学定向蝗虫和蜻蜓目昆虫的物种丰富度和/或丰度也降低了。这些结果表明，噪声污染不仅影响声学定向动物，而且噪声可能通过间接影响那些与声学领域没有明确联系的动物，在相邻的安静环境中也会产生回响，即使在相邻的安静环境中也是如此。
