Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany.
Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Arch Toxicol. 2020 Jun;94(6):1985-1994. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02716-3. Epub 2020 Mar 18.
The popularity and the high nicotine content of the American pod e-cigarette JUUL have raised many concerns. To comply with European law, the nicotine concentration in the liquids of the European version, which has been recently released on the market, is limited to below 20 mg/mL. This limit can possibly be circumvented by technological adjustments that increase vaporization and consequently, elevate nicotine delivery. In this study, we compare vapor generation and nicotine delivery of the initial European version, a modified European version, and the original American high-nicotine variant using a machine vaping set-up. Additionally, benzoic acid and carbonyl compounds are quantified in the aerosol. Further, concentrations of nicotine, benzoic acid, propylene glycol, and glycerol, along with the density and pH value of JUUL e-liquids have been assessed. Whereas the initial European version did not compensate for the low nicotine content in the liquid, we provide evidence for an increased vaporization by the modified European version. As a consequence, nicotine delivery per puff approximates the American original. Notably, this is not associated with an increased generation of carbonyl compounds. Our data suggest a similar addictiveness of the enhanced European version and the original American product.
美国 pod 电子烟 JUUL 的普及和高尼古丁含量引起了广泛关注。为了符合欧洲法律，最近在市场上推出的欧洲版本的液体尼古丁浓度限制在 20mg/mL 以下。通过增加蒸发量从而提高尼古丁输送的技术调整，可能会绕过这一限制。在这项研究中，我们使用机器蒸气设备比较了初始欧洲版本、经过改良的欧洲版本和最初的美国高尼古丁变体的蒸气生成和尼古丁输送情况。此外，我们还对气溶胶中的苯甲酸和羰基化合物进行了定量分析。此外，我们还评估了 JUUL 电子烟液中的尼古丁、苯甲酸、丙二醇和甘油的浓度，以及电子烟液的密度和 pH 值。尽管初始的欧洲版本并没有弥补液体中尼古丁含量低的问题，但我们提供的证据表明，改良后的欧洲版本增加了蒸发量。因此，每次抽吸的尼古丁输送量接近美国原版。值得注意的是，这与羰基化合物生成的增加无关。我们的数据表明，改良后的欧洲版本和最初的美国产品具有相似的成瘾性。
