Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
Nutr Clin Pract. 2020 Jun;35(3):433-441. doi: 10.1002/ncp.10484. Epub 2020 Mar 19.
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract consists of trillions of organisms that support multiple functions in the body, from immunity, digestion, and absorption to drug metabolism. These microbes form an overall collection of microorganisms that form the body's microbiome. In critical illness, many of these functions are aberrant, and the microbiome is altered, leading to untoward effects. Some of the most common medications received by patients include antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors, which affect particular changes in the microbiome. In addition, patients receiving prolonged enteral and parenteral nutrition experience changes in the microbiological composition and diversity of their GI tracts. Research is ongoing to characterize the crosstalk between the microbiome and immune function as targets for drug and nutrition therapy.
胃肠道（GI）由数以万亿计的生物体组成，这些生物体在体内支持多种功能，包括免疫、消化和吸收以及药物代谢。这些微生物形成了一个整体的微生物集合，构成了人体的微生物组。在危重病中，这些功能中的许多都出现异常，微生物组发生改变，导致不良后果。患者接受的一些最常见的药物包括抗生素和质子泵抑制剂，它们会引起微生物组的特定变化。此外，接受长期肠内和肠外营养的患者会经历胃肠道微生物组成和多样性的变化。目前正在进行研究，以描述微生物组与免疫功能之间的相互作用，作为药物和营养治疗的靶点。
