Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
Curr Mol Med. 2020;20(8):593-606. doi: 10.2174/1566524020666200319113006.
The interest in biological peptides from Arthrospira sp. (syn Spirulina) is increasing due to its Generally Recognised as Safe "GRAS" status, the high concentration of proteins and the history of its use as a supplement and nutraceutical agent. Arthrospira peptides can be generated by the controlled hydrolysis of proteins, using proteases, followed by fractionation. The peptides obtained have a range of therapeutic effects. Amongst these bioactive peptides, three classes are of major importance: the antihypertensive (AHP), antimicrobial (AMP) and anticancer (ACP) peptides. AHPs have the ability to work as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and help to control several diseases such as hypertension, obesity, and cardiovascular issues, AMPs play a crucial role in the immune response, inhibiting the development of pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and others, while ACPs can aid in tumour control by the induction of apoptosis or necrosis, or the inhibition of angiogenesis. Thus, bioactive peptides are of great significance to the pharmaceutical industry. However, they can show secondary effects. This paper reviews the inhibition mechanism of antimicrobial, hypertensive and anticancer peptides from Arthrospira sp., and the possible structures of the peptides according to the type of activity and its intensity. In addition, this paper describes the purification methods of absorption mechanisms, and reviews databases for designing peptides.
由于其“一般认为安全”（GRAS）的地位、高浓度的蛋白质以及作为补充剂和营养药物的使用历史，人们对节旋藻（亦称螺旋藻）的生物肽越来越感兴趣。节旋藻肽可以通过使用蛋白酶对蛋白质进行控制水解来生成，然后进行分级分离。得到的肽具有多种治疗效果。在这些生物活性肽中，有三类肽尤为重要：具有降血压作用的肽（AHP）、具有抗菌作用的肽（AMP）和具有抗癌作用的肽（ACP）。AHP 具有作为血管紧张素转化酶（ACE）抑制剂的能力，有助于控制高血压、肥胖和心血管问题等多种疾病；AMP 在免疫反应中起着至关重要的作用，抑制细菌、真菌、病毒等病原体的发展；ACP 可以通过诱导细胞凋亡或坏死，或抑制血管生成来帮助控制肿瘤。因此，生物活性肽对制药行业具有重要意义。然而，它们可能会产生副作用。本文综述了节旋藻的抗菌肽、降压肽和抗癌肽的抑制机制，以及根据活性类型和强度推测的可能结构。此外，本文还描述了肽的吸收机制的纯化方法，并综述了用于设计肽的数据库。
