The Role of Sorghum in Renewables and Biofuels.

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is an important annual C cereal crop with unique properties-it can be used in almost all renewable schemes being proposed for renewable fuels and green technologies. In the United States, the grain is currently used as a feedstock in the grain-ethanol process, while in China, the Philippines, and India, sweet sorghums are used in a sugar-to-ethanol process. High-tonnage biomass sorghums are being investigated for their potential use in both cellulosic and lignocellulosic renewables. Other countries have been exploring sorghum's use as a renewable building material and as a potential source of high-value C molecules for the creation of renewable oils and other important industrial chemicals. Sorghum can become a major player in the renewable feedstock industry because of its potential for high-yield production under limited water and inputs, strong research capacities, a well-established seed industry, and a robust history of research on production and cultural practices. The following review highlights various research activities in support of renewables using sorghum as a primary feedstock.