Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham/UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
Addiction. 2020 Oct;115(10):1913-1923. doi: 10.1111/add.15050. Epub 2020 Apr 25.
The introduction of plain tobacco packaging and minimum pack size legislation in the United Kingdom between May 2016 and May 2017 was accompanied by substantial changes in tobacco product diversity and pricing. This study investigates the extent to which these changes were associated with consumer switching between tobacco product types and price segments, and from tobacco to non-tobacco nicotine products.
Longitudinal study (changing trends in product and price choices) and survey (reasons for consumer choices).
Great Britain PARTICIPANTS: We used 11 695 British households from Kantar Worldpanel who purchased tobacco and non-tobacco nicotine products from March 2011 to December 2017.
Product choice was defined using household's monthly purchases of tobacco (cigarettes, roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco, cigar/cigarillo and pipe tobacco) and non-tobacco nicotine products (e-cigarettes and nicotine replacement therapy), while price was defined using price paid by pack size and by price quartiles. Our switching analysis considered three switching alternatives: switching to a different tobacco product or to a combination of tobacco products, switching to any non-nicotine tobacco product, and switching out of our dataset. We explored changes in price quartile purchasing behaviour using binary variables for whether a household purchased or not from each price quartile monthly. Finally, self-declared consumer's choice was assessed through survey responses.
The introduction of plain packaging and minimum pack sizes coincided with major switching to purchasing of pack sizes of 20 cigarettes or 30 g or larger RYO tobacco (>99% of purchases in December 2017) and a migration towards lower-price cigarettes, as for cigarettes, around 80% of purchases were in the lowest price quartiles at the end of the study period compared to about 50% at the start of the study period. During the first 6 months of implementation there was also a marked increase in the likelihood that cigarette smokers would switch to non-tobacco nicotine (OR 1.74, 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.57), predominantly e-cigarettes, compared with the period before May 2016. Survey results suggest that price was the main driver of changes in purchasing behaviour.
Implementation of plain packaging and minimum pack size legislation in the UK appears to have been associated with tobacco users switching to lower price tobacco products and to e-cigarettes.
2016 年 5 月至 2017 年 5 月期间，英国推出了普通烟草包装和最小包装尺寸立法，与此同时，烟草产品的多样性和价格也发生了重大变化。本研究旨在调查这些变化在多大程度上与消费者在烟草产品类型和价格区间之间的转换有关，以及从烟草产品向非烟草尼古丁产品的转换。
纵向研究（产品和价格选择的变化趋势）和调查（消费者选择的原因）。
英国
我们使用了 Kantar Worldpanel 的 11695 户英国家庭，这些家庭从 2011 年 3 月至 2017 年 12 月购买了烟草和非烟草尼古丁产品。
产品选择通过家庭每月购买的烟草（香烟、自卷烟草、雪茄/小雪茄和烟斗烟草）和非烟草尼古丁产品（电子烟和尼古丁替代疗法）来定义，而价格通过包装大小和价格四分位数来定义。我们的转换分析考虑了三种转换选择：转换为不同的烟草产品或多种烟草产品的组合、转换为任何非尼古丁烟草产品、以及退出我们的数据集中。我们通过每月是否从每个价格四分位数购买来使用二进制变量来探索价格四分位数购买行为的变化。最后，通过调查答复评估了自我声明的消费者选择。
普通包装和最小包装尺寸的引入恰逢向购买 20 支装或 30 克或更大自卷烟草（2017 年 12 月超过 99%的购买）和向较低价格香烟迁移的重大转变，对于香烟，大约 80%的购买在研究期末处于最低价格四分位数，而在研究开始时约为 50%。在实施的前 6 个月，与 2016 年 5 月之前相比，香烟吸烟者更有可能转向非烟草尼古丁（OR 1.74，95%CI：1.18 至 2.57），主要是电子烟。调查结果表明，价格是购买行为变化的主要驱动因素。
英国普通包装和最小包装尺寸立法的实施似乎与烟草使用者转向价格较低的烟草产品和电子烟有关。
