Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University.
Department of Psychology, Syracuse University.
Psychol Rev. 2020 Oct;127(5):792-828. doi: 10.1037/rev0000195. Epub 2020 Mar 19.
We present a model of the encoding of episodic associations between items, extending the dynamic approach to retrieval and decision making of Cox and Shiffrin (2017) to the dynamics of encoding. This model is the first unified account of how similarity affects associative encoding and recognition, including why studied pairs consisting of similar items are easier to recognize, why it is easy to reject novel pairs that recombine items that were studied alongside similar items, and why there is an early bias to falsely recognize novel pairs consisting of similar items that is later suppressed (Dosher, 1984; Dosher & Rosedale, 1991). Items are encoded by sampling features into limited-capacity parallel channels in working memory. Associations are encoded by conjoining features across these channels. Because similar items have common features, their channels are correlated which increases the capacity available to encode associative information. The model additionally accounts for data from a new experiment illustrating the importance of similarity for associative encoding across a variety of stimulus types (objects, words, and abstract forms) and types of similarity (perceptual or conceptual), illustrating the generality of the model. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
我们提出了一个项目间情节关联编码的模型，该模型扩展了 Cox 和 Shiffrin（2017）对检索和决策的动态方法，以用于编码的动态过程。该模型是对相似性如何影响联想编码和识别的第一个统一解释，包括为什么由相似项目组成的学习对更容易识别，为什么很容易拒绝由与相似项目一起学习的项目重新组合而成的新对，以及为什么存在对由相似项目组成的新对的早期错误识别偏见，这种偏见后来会被抑制（Dosher，1984；Dosher & Rosedale，1991）。项目通过在工作记忆中的有限容量并行通道中采样特征来编码。关联通过连接这些通道中的特征来编码。由于相似的项目具有共同的特征，它们的通道是相关的，这增加了编码关联信息的可用容量。该模型还解释了新实验的数据，这些数据说明了相似性对各种刺激类型（物体、单词和抽象形式）和相似性类型（感知或概念）的联想编码的重要性，说明了该模型的通用性。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。
