Soetemans Lise, Gianotten Natasja, Bastiaens Leen
Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy.
Insects. 2020 Mar 17;11(3):190. doi: 10.3390/insects11030190.
Insects are gaining interest as an alternative protein source for feed/food purposes. Although the lesser mealworm (LM) is commercially produced for human consumption, published data on its nutrient composition is scarce. This study reports on LM larvae reared on 18 different diets composed of side-streams to (1) determine the nutritional composition of the larvae and (2) study the effect of dietary changes on the larval nutrient composition. The LM larvae proved to be of good nutritional value with essential amino acids profiles comparable with that of beef and linoleic acid (C18:2) was the most dominant essential fatty acids in the larvae. The side-stream based diets varied on dry matter basis in protein (16-34%) and lipid content (2-19%). The nutrient content of the larvae reared on diets that supported good growth ranged between 37% and 49% of protein, 22% and 26% of lipid and 4% to 6% of chitin on dry matter basis. No significant correlations were identified between the larval protein or lipid content and that of the diet, but it was found between the diet nutrients and larval growth. Based on larval growth data and economic considerations, diets composed of wheat middlings with a 10-15% inclusion of rapeseed meal were identified as suitable feed for LM. Highest larval yields were obtained with diets containing 15-22% of proteins and 5-10% of lipids.
昆虫作为饲料/食品的替代蛋白质来源正日益受到关注。尽管黄粉虫已商业化生产以供人类食用，但关于其营养成分的公开数据却很少。本研究报告了以18种不同的由副产物组成的饲料饲养黄粉虫幼虫的情况，目的是（1）确定幼虫的营养成分，以及（2）研究饲料变化对幼虫营养成分的影响。结果表明，黄粉虫幼虫具有良好的营养价值，其必需氨基酸谱与牛肉相当，且亚油酸（C18:2）是幼虫中最主要的必需脂肪酸。以副产物为基础的饲料在干物质基础上的蛋白质含量（16 - 34%）和脂肪含量（2 - 19%）各不相同。以支持良好生长的饲料饲养的幼虫，其营养成分在干物质基础上的蛋白质含量为37%至49%，脂肪含量为22%至26%，几丁质含量为4%至6%。未发现幼虫蛋白质或脂肪含量与饲料之间存在显著相关性，但发现饲料营养成分与幼虫生长之间存在相关性。基于幼虫生长数据和经济因素，确定由含有10 - 15%菜籽粕的次粉组成的饲料适合作为黄粉虫的饲料。蛋白质含量为15 - 22%、脂肪含量为5 - 10%的饲料能获得最高的幼虫产量。
