Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, USR3579, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-mer, France; Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stirling University, United Kingdom.
Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stirling University, United Kingdom.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jun 20;722:137803. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137803. Epub 2020 Mar 7.
Organic UV filters are of emerging concern due to their occurrence and persistence in coastal ecosystems. Because marine bacteria are crucial in the major biogeochemical cycles, there is an urgent need to understand to what extent these microorganisms are affected by those chemicals. This study deciphers the impact of five common sunscreen UV filters on twenty-seven marine bacteria, combining both photobiology and toxicity analysis on environmentally relevant species. Seven bacteria were sensitive to different organic UV filters at 1000 μg L, including octinoxate and oxybenzone. This is the first report demonstrating inhibition of bacterial growth from 100 μg L. None of the UV filters showed any toxicity at 1000 μg L on stationary phase cells, demonstrating that physiological state was found to be a key parameter in the bacterial response to UV-filters. Indeed, non-growing bacteria were resistant to UV filters whereas growing cells exhibited UV filter dependent sensitivity. Octinoxate was the most toxic chemical at 1000 μg L on growing cells. Interestingly, photobiology experiments revealed that the toxicity of octinoxate and homosalate decreased after light exposure while the other compounds were not affected. In terms of environmental risk characterization, our results revealed that the increasing use of sun blockers could have detrimental impacts on bacterioplanktonic communities in coastal areas. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact of the most common UV filters on bacterial species and corroborate the importance to consider environmental parameters such as solar radiation in ecotoxicology studies.
有机紫外线滤光剂因其在沿海生态系统中的存在和持久性而引起了人们的关注。由于海洋细菌在主要的生物地球化学循环中至关重要，因此迫切需要了解这些微生物在多大程度上受到这些化学物质的影响。本研究结合光生物学和毒性分析，解析了五种常见的防晒霜紫外线滤光剂对二十七种海洋细菌的影响，这些分析针对的是具有环境相关性的物种。有七种细菌对 1000μg/L 的七种不同有机紫外线滤光剂敏感，其中包括辛氧烷醇和氧苯酮。这是首次报告表明，从 100μg/L 开始就会抑制细菌生长。在静止期细胞中，所有紫外线滤光剂在 1000μg/L 时均无毒性，这表明生理状态是细菌对紫外线滤光剂产生反应的关键参数。事实上，非生长细菌对紫外线滤光剂具有抗性，而生长细胞则表现出对紫外线滤光剂的依赖性敏感性。在生长细胞中，1000μg/L 的辛氧烷醇是最具毒性的化学物质。有趣的是，光生物学实验表明，在光照暴露后，辛氧烷醇和 Homosalate 的毒性降低，而其他化合物则不受影响。就环境风险特征而言，我们的结果表明，防晒霜的使用增加可能会对沿海地区的浮游细菌群落产生不利影响。我们的研究结果有助于更好地了解最常见的紫外线滤光剂对细菌物种的影响，并证实了在生态毒理学研究中考虑环境参数（如太阳辐射）的重要性。
