南非五种野生蘑菇的元素生物累积和营养价值。
Elemental bioaccumulation and nutritional value of five species of wild growing mushrooms from South Africa.
机构信息
School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
出版信息
Food Chem. 2020 Jul 30;319:126596. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126596. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
The collection of wild edible mushrooms for use is an ancient practice. In this study, the elemental concentrations in five mushrooms were compared as a function of species and geographical location. The accumulation of metals from the substrate was found to be species dependent. Mushrooms excluded As, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni and Si, and accumulated elements in the following order: Amanita pantherina (K > Na > Zn > Cu > Mg); Boletus edulis (edible) (K > Cu > Zn > Se > Na > Mg); Boletus mirabilis (edible) (K > Cu > Zn > Na > Mg); Lactarius deliciosus (edible) (K > Zn > Mg); and Russula sardonia (K > Na > Zn > Cu > Mg). Statistical analysis showed soil parameters to affect elemental accumulation by edible mushrooms more than inedible ones, especially for uptake of Se by B. edulis, which was antagonistic with As and Pb in the soil. The results also showed the edible mushrooms to contain proteins (25 - 55%), carbohydrates (34 - 69%), ash (3-6.5%) and lipids (0.8-5.3%).
野生食用蘑菇的采集是一种古老的做法。在这项研究中，比较了五种蘑菇中元素浓度随物种和地理位置的变化。研究发现，金属元素在物种间的积累是依赖于物种的。蘑菇排除了 As、Be、Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Fe、Mn、Ni 和 Si，并按以下顺序积累元素：豹斑鹅膏菌（K＞Na＞Zn＞Cu＞Mg）；美味牛肝菌（可食用）（K＞Cu＞Zn＞Se＞Na＞Mg）；华美牛肝菌（可食用）（K＞Cu＞Zn＞Na＞Mg）；美味乳菇（可食用）（K＞Zn＞Mg）；红缘红菇（K＞Na＞Zn＞Cu＞Mg）。统计分析表明，土壤参数对可食用蘑菇中元素的积累影响大于不可食用蘑菇，特别是对美味牛肝菌中 Se 的吸收，它与土壤中的 As 和 Pb 呈拮抗作用。结果还表明，可食用蘑菇含有蛋白质（25-55%）、碳水化合物（34-69%）、灰分（3-6.5%）和脂肪（0.8-5.3%）。
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