Sorbonne Université, PSL, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France.
Sorbonne Université, PSL, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2020 Feb;60:99-106. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.02.018. Epub 2020 Mar 18.
Telomeres are part of the system that guards genome integrity in eukaryotes, protecting linear chromosomes from fusions and degradations. The protective functions of telomeres are put at risk in physiological situations where telomeres shorten and trigger replicative senescence. Current models suggest that when telomeres shorten, combined actions of the DNA damage signalling network, DNA repair pathways, and the mechanics of mitosis result in translocations, gene losses, and aneuploidy. In yeasts, many of these processes (signalling, repair, mitosis) can be molecularly dissected because telomerase can be experimentally removed to enable detection of early and rare events. Here we review recent findings on telomere-driven mutational processes in yeast models and discuss how telomere dynamics may contribute to genome evolution.
端粒是保护真核生物基因组完整性的系统的一部分，防止线性染色体融合和降解。在端粒缩短并引发复制性衰老的生理情况下，端粒的保护功能受到威胁。目前的模型表明，当端粒缩短时，DNA 损伤信号网络、DNA 修复途径和有丝分裂的力学的联合作用导致易位、基因丢失和非整倍体。在酵母中，由于端粒酶可以通过实验去除，从而可以检测到早期和罕见的事件，因此这些过程（信号转导、修复、有丝分裂）中的许多都可以在分子水平上进行剖析。在这里，我们回顾了酵母模型中端粒驱动的突变过程的最新发现，并讨论了端粒动力学如何有助于基因组进化。
