International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Muscle Shoals, AL 35662, United States.
International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Muscle Shoals, AL 35662, United States.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jun 20;722:137808. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137808. Epub 2020 Mar 18.
Drought (40% field moisture capacity), organic fertilizer (O-F; 10%), and nano vs. bulk-ZnO particles (1.7 vs. 3.5 mg Zn/kg) were assessed in soil to determine their interactive effects on wheat performance and nutrient acquisition. Drought significantly reduced (6%) chlorophyll levels, whereas nano and bulk-ZnO alleviated some stress, thereby increasing (14-16%) chlorophyll levels, compared to the control. O-F increased (29%) chlorophyll levels and counteracted Zn's effect. Drought delayed (3-days) panicle emergence; O-F, nano and bulk-ZnO each accelerated (5-days) panicle emergence under drought, relative to the control and absence of O-F. Drought reduced (51%) grain yield, while O-F increased (130%) yield under drought. Grain yield was unaffected by Zn treatment under drought but increased (88%) under non-drought condition with bulk-ZnO, relative to the control. Drought lowered (43%) shoot Zn uptake. Compared to the control, nano and bulk-ZnO increased (39 and 23%, respectively) shoot Zn in the absence of O-F, whereas O-F amendment enhanced (94%) shoot Zn. Drought increased (48%) grain Zn concentration; nano and bulk-ZnO increased (29 and 18%, respectively) grain Zn, relative to the control, and O-F increased (85%) grain Zn. Zn recovery efficiency was in the order O-F > nano-ZnO > bulk-ZnO, regardless of the water status. Grain Fe concentration was unaffected by drought, under which O-F significantly reduced grain Fe, and nano-ZnO significantly reduced grain Fe, in the absence of O-F. Nano and bulk-ZnO also significantly reduced grain Fe, with O-F amendment under drought. Drought can have dire consequences for food and nutrition security, with implications for human health. This study demonstrated that drought-induced effects in food crops can be partially or wholly alleviated by ZnO particles and Zn-rich O-F. Understanding the interactions of drought and potential mitigation strategies such as fertilization with Zn-rich organic manure and ZnO can increase options for sustaining food production and quality under adverse conditions.
干旱（田间持水量的 40%）、有机肥（O-F；10%）和纳米与块状 ZnO 颗粒（1.7 与 3.5mgZn/kg）在土壤中进行了评估，以确定它们对小麦性能和养分吸收的相互影响。干旱显著降低了（6%）叶绿素水平，而纳米和块状 ZnO 缓解了部分胁迫，从而使叶绿素水平增加了（14-16%），与对照相比。O-F 增加了（29%）叶绿素水平，并抵消了 Zn 的作用。干旱延迟了（3 天）穗的出现；O-F、纳米和块状 ZnO 各自在干旱条件下加速（5 天）穗的出现，与对照和没有 O-F 相比。干旱降低了（51%）籽粒产量，而 O-F 在干旱条件下增加了（130%）产量。在干旱条件下，Zn 处理对籽粒产量没有影响，但在非干旱条件下，块状 ZnO 使籽粒产量增加了（88%），与对照相比。干旱降低了（43%）地上部 Zn 吸收。与对照相比，纳米和块状 ZnO 在没有 O-F 的情况下分别增加了（39%和 23%）地上部 Zn，而 O-F 则增加了（94%）地上部 Zn。干旱增加了（48%）籽粒 Zn 浓度；纳米和块状 ZnO 分别增加了（29%和 18%）籽粒 Zn，与对照相比，O-F 增加了（85%）籽粒 Zn。无论水分状况如何，Zn 回收效率的顺序均为 O-F＞纳米-ZnO＞块状 ZnO。干旱对粮食和营养安全有严重影响，对人类健康也有影响。本研究表明，在粮食作物中，干旱引起的影响可以部分或完全通过 ZnO 颗粒和富含 Zn 的 O-F 来缓解。了解干旱和潜在缓解策略（如施肥与富含 Zn 的有机肥料和 ZnO）之间的相互作用，可以增加在不利条件下维持粮食生产和质量的选择。
