School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jun 20;722:137903. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137903. Epub 2020 Mar 12.
In recent years, lignocellulosic wastes have gathered much attention due to increasing economic, social, environmental apprehensions, global climate change and depleted fossil fuel reserves. The unsuitable management of lignocellulosic materials and related organic wastes poses serious environmental burden and causes pollution. On the other hand, lignocellulosic wastes hold significant economic potential and can be employed as promising catalytic supports because of impressing traits such as surface area, porous structure, and occurrence of many chemical moieties (i.e., carboxyl, amino, thiol, hydroxyl, and phosphate groups). In the current literature, scarce information is available on this important and highly valuable aspect of lignocellulosic wastes as smart carriers for immobilization. Thus, to fulfill this literature gap, herein, an effort has been made to signify the value generation aspects of lignocellulosic wastes. Literature assessment spotlighted that all these waste materials display high potential for immobilizing enzyme because of their low cost, bio-renewable, and sustainable nature. Enzyme immobilization has gained recognition as a highly useful technology to improve enzyme properties such as catalytic stability, performance, and repeatability. The application of carrier-supported biocatalysts has been a theme of considerable research, for the past three decades, in the bio-catalysis field. Nonetheless, the type of support matrix plays a key role in the immobilization process due to its influential impact on the physicochemical characteristics of the as-synthesized biocatalytic system. In the past, an array of various organic, inorganic, and composite materials has been used as carriers to formulate efficient and stable biocatalysts. This review is envisioned to provide recent progress and development on the use of different agricultural wastes (such as coconut fiber, sugarcane bagasse, corn and rice wastes, and Brewers' spent grain) as support materials for enzyme immobilization. In summary, the effective utilization of lignocellulosic wastes to develop multi-functional biocatalysts is not only economical but also reduce environmental problems of unsuitable management of organic wastes and drive up the application of biocatalytic technology in the industry.
近年来，由于经济、社会、环境问题日益严重，全球气候变化和化石燃料储备减少，木质纤维素废物引起了广泛关注。木质纤维素材料和相关有机废物的管理不当，会造成严重的环境负担和污染。另一方面，木质纤维素废物具有巨大的经济潜力，由于其具有表面积大、多孔结构和存在许多化学基团（如羧基、氨基、巯基、羟基和磷酸基团）等显著特性，可用作有前途的催化支持物。然而，目前关于木质纤维素废物作为智能固定化载体的这一重要且极具价值的方面的信息还很有限。因此，为了填补这一文献空白，本文旨在强调木质纤维素废物作为智能载体在固定化方面的价值。文献评估表明，由于这些废物材料成本低、生物可再生和可持续，因此具有很高的固定化酶的潜力。酶固定化已被认为是一种提高酶催化稳定性、性能和可重复性等特性的非常有用的技术。在过去的三十年中，载体支撑的生物催化剂的应用一直是生物催化领域的一个重要研究主题。然而，由于载体矩阵的类型对合成的生物催化系统的物理化学特性有影响，因此在固定化过程中起着关键作用。过去，已经使用了一系列的各种有机、无机和复合材料作为载体来制备高效和稳定的生物催化剂。本综述旨在提供关于不同农业废物（如椰子纤维、甘蔗渣、玉米和水稻废物、啤酒糟）作为酶固定化载体的最新进展和发展。总之，有效利用木质纤维素废物来开发多功能生物催化剂不仅具有经济性，而且还可以减少有机废物管理不当带来的环境问题，并推动生物催化技术在工业中的应用。
