Girelli Anna Maria, Chiappini Viviana
Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
J Biotechnol. 2023 Mar 10;365:29-47. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.02.003. Epub 2023 Feb 14.
It is well-known that enzymes are molecules particularly susceptible to pH and temperature variations. Immobilization techniques may overcome this weakness besides improving the reusability of the biocatalysts. Given the strong push toward a circular economy, the use of natural lignocellulosic wastes as supports for enzyme immobilization has been increasingly attractive in recent years. This fact is mainly due to their high availability, low costs, and the possibility of reducing the environmental impact that can occur when they are improperly stored. In addition, they have physical and chemical characteristics suitable for enzyme immobilization (large surface area, high rigidity, porosity, reactive functional groups, etc.). This review aims to guide readers and provide them with the tools necessary to select the most suitable methodology for lipase immobilization on lignocellulosic wastes. The importance and the characteristics of an increasingly interesting enzyme, such as lipase, and the advantages and disadvantages of the different immobilization methods will be discussed. The various kinds of lignocellulosic wastes and the processing required to make them suitable as carriers will be also reported.
众所周知，酶是对pH值和温度变化特别敏感的分子。固定化技术除了可以提高生物催化剂的可重复使用性外，还可以克服这一弱点。鉴于对循环经济的大力推动，近年来，使用天然木质纤维素废料作为酶固定化的载体越来越具有吸引力。这一事实主要归因于它们的高可用性、低成本，以及减少不当储存时可能产生的环境影响的可能性。此外，它们具有适合酶固定化的物理和化学特性（大表面积、高刚性、孔隙率、反应性官能团等）。本综述旨在引导读者，并为他们提供选择最适合的方法将脂肪酶固定在木质纤维素废料上所需的工具。将讨论一种越来越受关注的酶（如脂肪酶）的重要性和特性，以及不同固定化方法的优缺点。还将报道各种木质纤维素废料以及使其适合作为载体所需的处理过程。
