Wade Madison, Delawder Virginia, Reneau Paul, Dos Santos Julia M
School of Education, Health and Human Performance, Fairmont State University, Fairmont, WV, United States.
School of Education, Health and Human Performance, Fairmont State University, Fairmont, WV, United States; Detroit R&D, Inc, Detroit, MI, United States.
Med Hypotheses. 2020 Mar 11;140:109675. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109675.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In addition to physical inactivity and obesity, established risk factors for T2D, chemical contaminants consumed in industrialized food such as BPA might also be a contributor to the development of T2D. Epidemiological studies have shown that BPA concentrations are higher in human specimens of T2D when compared to healthy subjects, while experimental studies suggested that bisphenol A (BPA) impairs the pathway by which insulin stimulates glucose uptake. In skeletal muscle and adipocytes, insulin resistance is developed by the impairment of the insulin pathway to stimulate the translocation of glucose transporter, GLUT4, to the cell membrane. Recent results demonstrated that BPA impairs several components of insulin-induced glucose uptake pathway and affect the expression of GLUT4. Regular physical exercise delays or inhibits the development of T2D due to the physiologic processes taking place during muscle contraction, and the fact that skeletal muscle is the site for almost 80% of the glucose transported under insulin stimulation. In fact, the mechanism by which contraction induces glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is partially independent of the insulin pathway, therefore, the effect of BPA on this mechanism is unknown. We hypothesize that during the development of insulin resistance, BPA contributes to the impairment of the molecular pathway by which insulin induces glucose uptake while contraction-induced glucose uptake is not impaired. At the late stages of T2D, BPA may affect GLUT4 expression that will decrease the ability of muscle contraction to induce glucose uptake.
2型糖尿病（T2D）被认为是全球主要死因之一。除了缺乏身体活动和肥胖这些已确定的T2D风险因素外，工业化食品中摄入的化学污染物如双酚A（BPA）也可能是T2D发病的一个因素。流行病学研究表明，与健康受试者相比，T2D患者的人体样本中BPA浓度更高，而实验研究表明双酚A（BPA）会损害胰岛素刺激葡萄糖摄取的途径。在骨骼肌和脂肪细胞中，胰岛素途径受损会导致胰岛素抵抗，从而抑制葡萄糖转运蛋白GLUT4向细胞膜的转位。最近的研究结果表明，BPA会损害胰岛素诱导的葡萄糖摄取途径的几个组成部分，并影响GLUT4的表达。定期体育锻炼由于肌肉收缩过程中发生的生理过程，以及骨骼肌是胰岛素刺激下几乎80%葡萄糖转运的部位这一事实，可延缓或抑制T2D的发展。事实上，收缩诱导骨骼肌葡萄糖摄取的机制部分独立于胰岛素途径，因此，BPA对该机制的影响尚不清楚。我们假设，在胰岛素抵抗的发展过程中，BPA会导致胰岛素诱导葡萄糖摄取的分子途径受损，而收缩诱导的葡萄糖摄取不受影响。在T2D的晚期，BPA可能会影响GLUT4的表达，从而降低肌肉收缩诱导葡萄糖摄取的能力。
