Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020 Jun;101:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.040. Epub 2020 Mar 20.
Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a novel enveloped orthomyxo-like virus with a genome of 10 segments of linear negative-sense single-stranded RNA. It causes massive mortality of wild and farmed tilapia species and because of its spread in Asia, Africa, South and North America, it is considered a threat to tilapia aquaculture. Here, we have evaluated the possible use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to study immune response and host-pathogen interactions during an infection with TiLV. Adult zebrafish were infected with TiLV by intraperitoneal (i.p) injection or by cohabitation. Increased viral load was observed in liver, spleen and kidney of i.p. injected fish at 1, 3, 6, and 14 days post infection (dpi) but not in fish from the cohabitation group (only liver was tested). We also demonstrated that in spleen and kidney i.p. injection of TiLV induced up-regulation of the expression of the immune-related genes encoding pathogen recognition receptors involved in sensing of viral dsRNA (rig-I, tlr3, tlr22), transcription factors (irf3, irf7), type I interferon (infϕ1), antiviral protein (mxa), pro-inflammatory (il-1β, tnf-α, il-8, ifnγ1-2) and anti-inflammatory (il-10) cytokines, CD4 markers (cd4-1, cd4-2), and IgM (igm). Moreover, tissue tropism of TiLV and histopathological changes were analyzed in selected organs of i.p. injected zebrafish. Our results indicate that zebrafish is a good model to study mechanisms of the TiLV infection and to follow antiviral responses.
罗非鱼湖病毒（TiLV）是一种新型包膜的正粘病毒样病毒，具有 10 个线性负义单链 RNA 片段的基因组。它导致野生和养殖罗非鱼物种大量死亡，由于其在亚洲、非洲、南美和北美传播，被认为是罗非鱼养殖业的威胁。在这里，我们评估了使用斑马鱼（Danio rerio）研究感染 TiLV 期间的免疫反应和宿主-病原体相互作用的可能性。成年斑马鱼通过腹腔（i.p）注射或共培养感染 TiLV。在感染后 1、3、6 和 14 天（dpi），腹腔注射鱼的肝脏、脾脏和肾脏中观察到病毒载量增加，但共培养组的鱼没有（仅测试了肝脏）。我们还证明，在脾脏和肾脏中，TiLV 的 i.p 注射诱导了参与病毒 dsRNA 感应的免疫相关基因（rig-I、tlr3、tlr22）、转录因子（irf3、irf7）、I 型干扰素（infϕ1）、抗病毒蛋白（mxa）、促炎（il-1β、tnf-α、il-8、ifnγ1-2）和抗炎（il-10）细胞因子、CD4 标记物（cd4-1、cd4-2）和 IgM（igm）的表达上调。此外，还分析了腹腔注射斑马鱼选定器官中的 TiLV 组织嗜性和组织病理学变化。我们的结果表明，斑马鱼是研究 TiLV 感染机制和跟踪抗病毒反应的良好模型。
