Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Front Immunol. 2023 Aug 9;14:1240094. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1240094. eCollection 2023.
Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a novel contagious pathogen associated with a lethal disease affecting and decimating tilapia populations on several continents across the globe. Fish viral diseases, such as Tilapia lake virus disease (TiLVD), represent a serious threat to tilapia aquaculture. Therefore, a better understanding of the innate immune responses involved in establishing an antiviral state can help shed light on TiLV disease pathogenesis. Moreover, understanding the adaptive immune mechanisms involved in mounting protection against TiLV could greatly assist in the development of vaccination strategies aimed at controlling TiLVD. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the immune responses following TiLV infection. After describing the main pathological findings associated with TiLVD, both the innate and adaptive immune responses and mechanisms to TiLV infection are discussed, in both disease infection models and studies. In addition, our work, highlights research questions, knowledge gaps and research areas in the immunology of TiLV infection where further studies are needed to better understand how disease protection against TiLV is established.
罗非鱼湖病毒（TiLV）是一种新的传染性病原体，与一种致命疾病有关，该疾病影响并摧毁了全球多个大洲的罗非鱼种群。鱼类病毒性疾病，如罗非鱼湖病毒病（TiLVD），对罗非鱼养殖业构成了严重威胁。因此，更好地了解在建立抗病毒状态中涉及的先天免疫反应可以帮助揭示 TiLV 疾病的发病机制。此外，了解针对 TiLV 产生保护作用的适应性免疫机制，将极大地有助于制定旨在控制 TiLVD 的疫苗接种策略。本综述总结了 TiLV 感染后免疫反应的最新知识。在描述与 TiLVD 相关的主要病理发现之后，讨论了先天和适应性免疫反应以及针对 TiLV 感染的机制，包括疾病感染模型和研究。此外，我们的工作强调了 TiLV 感染免疫学中需要进一步研究的研究问题、知识空白和研究领域，以便更好地了解如何建立针对 TiLV 的疾病保护。
