Department of Ophthalmology, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
Department of Students Counseling, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
Eur J Ophthalmol. 2021 Mar;31(2):529-535. doi: 10.1177/1120672120912691. Epub 2020 Mar 22.
To investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms among diabetic patients suffering from retinopathy, and to identify crucial risk factors that affect patients' quality of life and whether social support mediates the relationship between retinopathy and depression.
The sample comprises 155 participants with diabetic retinopathy recruited from the Jordan University Hospital during the year 2017. Arabic versions of all study tools were employed as follows: the Beck Depression Inventory; the short form of the health survey; the Berlin social support scale; ophthalmic examinations; patients' records; and a demographic questionnaire.
Descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation, linear regression using SPSS, and mediation analysis using the Sobel test were applied. In addition, the odds ratio analysis and qualitative analyses for the open-ended questions were included.
In general, 13 (8.9%) of our patients did not manifest any symptoms of depression while 42 (27.1%) had a mild mood disturbance, 26 (16.8%) were on the borderline of clinical depression, 47 (30.3%) had moderate depression, 22 (14.2%) with severe depression, and 5 (3.2%) had extreme depression. The results indicate a nonsignificant positive correlation between social support and health-related quality of life and a nonsignificant positive relationship between retinopathy severity and depression. Meanwhile, our results revealed a significant negative relationship between depression and social support and a nonsignificant negative relationship between retinopathy severity and social support.
Our findings suggest that diabetic patients with retinopathy have a higher risk of developing depression. Hence, psychological interventions are highly needed to meet the mental health needs of these patients.
调查患有视网膜病变的糖尿病患者中抑郁症状的患病率，并确定影响患者生活质量的关键风险因素，以及社会支持是否在视网膜病变和抑郁之间的关系中起中介作用。
本研究的样本包括 2017 年从约旦大学医院招募的 155 名患有糖尿病视网膜病变的患者。所有研究工具均采用阿拉伯语版本，包括贝克抑郁量表、健康调查简表、柏林社会支持量表、眼科检查、患者病历和人口统计学问卷。
采用描述性统计、Pearson 相关分析、SPSS 线性回归和 Sobel 检验进行中介分析。此外，还包括比值比分析和对开放式问题的定性分析。
总的来说，我们的患者中只有 13 名（8.9%）没有表现出任何抑郁症状，42 名（27.1%）有轻度情绪障碍，26 名（16.8%）处于临床抑郁边缘，47 名（30.3%）有中度抑郁，22 名（14.2%）有严重抑郁，5 名（3.2%）有极度抑郁。结果表明，社会支持与健康相关生活质量之间存在非显著正相关，视网膜病变严重程度与抑郁之间存在非显著正相关。同时，我们的结果显示抑郁与社会支持之间存在显著负相关，而视网膜病变严重程度与社会支持之间存在非显著负相关。
我们的研究结果表明，患有视网膜病变的糖尿病患者发生抑郁的风险较高。因此，需要进行心理干预来满足这些患者的心理健康需求。
