Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
Arthropod Struct Dev. 2020 May;56:100931. doi: 10.1016/j.asd.2020.100931. Epub 2020 Mar 20.
The spatial organization of digestion, which corresponds to the steps by which the ingested food is hydrolyzed in the different regions of the gut, was described in insects from the major insect orders. The pattern of digestion and absorption in the midgut shows a strong phylogenetic influence, modulated by adaptation to particular feeding habits. Based on this, basic digestive patterns were recognized and were proposed to represent the major ancestors from which the different orders evolved. The putative ancestors chosen to represent different points in the evolution from basal Neoptera to more derived orders were: Neoptera, Polyneoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera-Panorpoidea (Diptera-Lepidoptera), Lepidoptera, and Cyclorrhapha. The basic plan of Neoptera was supposed to be alike that of Polyneoptera, which was hypothesized from studies performed in grasshoppers, crickets and from stick insects. For Holometabola, the basic plan was initially proposed from studies carried out in beetles, bees, nematocerous flies, common flies and also from moths. This review updates the physiological data supporting the putative midgut basic patterns by discussing available data on insects pertaining to different taxa and details the evolutionary trends of midgut function among the major insect orders. Furthermore, by using recent genomic and transcriptome data, this review discusses the few insects for which the spatial organization of midgut absorption is known.
消化的空间组织与摄入的食物在肠道不同区域水解的步骤相对应，已在主要昆虫目中的昆虫中进行了描述。中肠的消化和吸收模式表现出强烈的系统发育影响，通过适应特定的摄食习惯进行调节。基于此，识别出了基本的消化模式，并提出它们代表了不同目进化的主要祖先。选择代表从基础新翅目到更衍生的目进化的不同点的假定祖先分别是：新翅目、多新翅目、半翅目、膜翅目-广翅目（双翅目-鳞翅目）、鳞翅目和环裂亚目。假定新翅目的基本模式与多新翅目相似，这是从对蝗虫、蟋蟀和竹节虫的研究中假设的。对于全变态类，最初从对甲虫、蜜蜂、食毛目苍蝇、普通苍蝇和蛾类的研究中提出了基本模式。本综述通过讨论与不同分类群有关的昆虫的现有生理数据，更新了支持假定的中肠基本模式的生理数据，并详细说明了主要昆虫目中中肠功能的进化趋势。此外，通过使用最近的基因组和转录组数据，本综述讨论了少数已知中肠吸收空间组织的昆虫。
