Osteogenic activity of a titanium surface modified with silicon-doped titanium dioxide.

Titanium and its alloys are the most widely used implants in clinical practice. However, their bioactivity is unsatisfactory, and the effect of osteogenesis on the bonding interface between the implant and bone needs to be further improved. In this study, a coating consisting of microporous titanium doped with silicon (Si-TiO) was successfully created by microarc oxidation (MAO), and Si was evenly distributed on the surface of the coating. The surface morphology, roughness, and phase composition of the Si-TiO microporous coating were similar to those of the Si-free doped MAO coatings. The Si-TiO microporous coating can promote osteoblast adhesion, spreading, proliferation and differentiation. More importantly, the integrin β1-FAK signaling pathway may be involved in the regulatory effect of the coating on osteoblasts. Further studies in vivo indicated that the Si-TiO microporous coating could improve early stage osseointegration. In conclusion, the Si-TiO microporous coating is a feasible way to improve the osteogenic abilities of Ti implants to potentially promote clinical performance.