野生哺乳动物中成年寿命和死亡率的性别差异及衰老率。
Sex differences in adult lifespan and aging rates of mortality across wild mammals.
机构信息
Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France;
Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Apr 14;117(15):8546-8553. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1911999117. Epub 2020 Mar 23.
In human populations, women consistently outlive men, which suggests profound biological foundations for sex differences in survival. Quantifying whether such sex differences are also pervasive in wild mammals is a crucial challenge in both evolutionary biology and biogerontology. Here, we compile demographic data from 134 mammal populations, encompassing 101 species, to show that the female's median lifespan is on average 18.6% longer than that of conspecific males, whereas in humans the female advantage is on average 7.8%. On the contrary, we do not find any consistent sex differences in aging rates. In addition, sex differences in median adult lifespan and aging rates are both highly variable across species. Our analyses suggest that the magnitude of sex differences in mammalian mortality patterns is likely shaped by local environmental conditions in interaction with the sex-specific costs of sexual selection.
在人类群体中，女性的寿命普遍长于男性，这表明在生存方面存在深刻的生物学性别差异基础。量化这种性别差异是否也普遍存在于野生动物中，是进化生物学和生物老年学的一个关键挑战。在这里，我们整合了来自 134 个哺乳动物种群、涵盖 101 个物种的人口统计学数据，结果表明，雌性的中位寿命平均比同种雄性长 18.6%，而在人类中，女性的优势平均为 7.8%。相反，我们没有发现任何一致的与衰老速度有关的性别差异。此外，中位成年寿命和衰老速度的性别差异在物种间差异极大。我们的分析表明，哺乳动物死亡模式中性别差异的程度可能受到当地环境条件与性选择的性别特异性成本相互作用的影响。
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