Munzer Tiffany, Hussain Khadijah, Soares Neelkamal
Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
Transl Pediatr. 2020 Feb;9(Suppl 1):S36-S45. doi: 10.21037/tp.2019.09.07.
Neurobiology helps us understand the processes that drive neurological processes including dyslexia. This article outlines the neurobiology underpinning typical reading skills and those seen in dyslexia, which is characterized by problems with accurate or fluent word recognition, poor decoding, and poor spelling abilities. There are exciting new developments in the neurobiological changes resulting from educational interventions for dyslexia, though more research is needed in this regard. This article also outlines the clinical features of dyslexia across the developmental span, and provides guidance to clinicians about referral to community resources and advocacy for families to seek educational interventions. Screening and diagnostic tools are described, as are interventions for remediation and accommodations for dyslexia across the educational span.
神经生物学帮助我们理解驱动包括诵读困难在内的神经学过程的机制。本文概述了支撑典型阅读技能以及诵读困难中所表现出的阅读技能的神经生物学基础,诵读困难的特征是在准确或流畅的单词识别、解码能力差以及拼写能力差等方面存在问题。针对诵读困难的教育干预所引发的神经生物学变化有一些令人兴奋的新进展,不过在这方面还需要更多研究。本文还概述了诵读困难在整个发育阶段的临床特征,并为临床医生提供有关转介至社区资源以及支持家庭寻求教育干预的指导。文中描述了筛查和诊断工具,以及在整个教育阶段针对诵读困难的补救干预措施和适应性措施。