Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (RBUP), Eastern and Southern Norway, Oslo, Norway.
J Learn Disabil. 2020 Sep/Oct;53(5):399-409. doi: 10.1177/0022219420911634. Epub 2020 Mar 24.
Studies have identified concurrent, longitudinal, and bidirectional associations between language difficulties and internalizing problems. This is commonly explained by social exclusion or withdrawal from peers, but underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study uses sibling data to investigate if the comorbidity between language difficulties and internalizing problems is best explained by familial factors shared by siblings, such as genes or family environment, or nonfamilial factors specific to each child, such as peer environment. Data include 5,568 siblings at 5 years and 3,654 siblings at 8 years participating in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). We constructed a latent factor model at 5 and 8 years, including a family comorbidity factor capturing correlations between language and internalizing problems that were equally strong between as within siblings. Results showed that the correlation between one sibling's internalizing problems and the other sibling's language problems was mostly accounted for by a family comorbidity factor. The best-fitting longitudinal model included stability of the family comorbidity factor and stability of language and internalizing problems within each sibling and no cross-sibling or cross-trait longitudinal associations. This suggests that the association between language and internalizing problems may be best explained by family factors.
研究已经确定语言困难和内化问题之间存在并发、纵向和双向关联。这通常可以用被同伴排斥或回避来解释，但潜在的机制尚不清楚。本研究使用兄弟姐妹数据来调查语言困难和内化问题之间的共病是否最好用兄弟姐妹之间共享的家庭因素（如基因或家庭环境）或每个孩子特有的非家庭因素（如同伴环境）来解释。数据包括参加挪威母婴队列研究（MoBa）的 5568 名 5 岁兄弟姐妹和 3654 名 8 岁兄弟姐妹。我们在 5 岁和 8 岁时构建了一个潜在因素模型，包括一个家庭共病因素，该因素捕捉了语言和内化问题之间的相关性，在兄弟姐妹之间和兄弟姐妹内部同样强烈。结果表明，一个兄弟姐妹的内化问题与另一个兄弟姐妹的语言问题之间的相关性主要归因于家庭共病因素。拟合最好的纵向模型包括家庭共病因素的稳定性以及每个兄弟姐妹内部语言和内化问题的稳定性，没有兄弟姐妹间或跨特质的纵向关联。这表明语言和内化问题之间的关联可能最好用家庭因素来解释。
