Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy Ave. 6, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland.
Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, University of Rzeszow, St. Ćwiklińskiej 1a, 35-601, Rzeszów, Poland.
BMC Plant Biol. 2020 Mar 24;20(1):126. doi: 10.1186/s12870-020-02340-4.
A microgranule fertilizer was designed for localized fertilization of soil with controlled release of nutrients. The microgranule matrix was fortified with proteins, which were obtained from food industry byproducts or waste, i.e., whey protein from milk serum, soy protein from soy isolate and egg white protein from chicken egg white powder. The mechanism of the protein decomposition and migration of micro and macromolecule compounds through two different model soil systems was investigated. The potential of the protein fortified fertilizer for localized fertilization of the potted maize seeds was evaluated.
The study revealed that proteins slowly diffused through soil with simultaneous degradation, which was accompanied with release of ammonia ions. The highest concentration of proteins and degradation products was found in a close vicinity of the microgranule. The microgranules were used as a local fertilizer for maize seeds in the pot experiments. The experiments confirmed statistically significant improvement in root density of maize plant compared to control group.
Byproducts or waste of food industry, such as the milk serum and soy can be used as a source of proteins that degrade in soil without a pretreatment. The degradation is accompanied with formation of ammonium ions, which can be utilized by plants as a nitrogen source. The fertilizer microgranule should be placed in a close vicinity to the plant seed, since the maximum of the protein concentration and ammonia ions is reached at a very close distance from the microgranule.
设计了一种微颗粒肥料，用于通过控制养分释放对土壤进行局部施肥。微颗粒基质中添加了蛋白质，这些蛋白质是从食品工业的副产品或废物中获得的，例如乳清蛋白来自牛奶血清、大豆蛋白来自大豆分离物和蛋清蛋白来自鸡蛋白粉。研究了蛋白质分解和通过两种不同模型土壤系统的大分子化合物的迁移机制。评估了强化蛋白质肥料对盆栽玉米种子局部施肥的潜力。
研究表明，蛋白质在氨离子释放的同时缓慢扩散通过土壤并同时降解。在微颗粒的附近发现了最高浓度的蛋白质和降解产物。在盆栽实验中，微颗粒被用作玉米种子的局部肥料。实验证实与对照组相比，玉米植物的根密度有统计学意义上的显著提高。
食品工业的副产品或废物，如血清和大豆，可以用作无需预处理即可在土壤中降解的蛋白质来源。降解伴随着铵离子的形成，植物可以将其用作氮源。肥料微颗粒应放置在靠近植物种子的地方，因为在距离微颗粒非常近的地方达到了蛋白质浓度和氨离子的最大值。
