Cattafesta Monica, Petarli Glenda Blaser, da Luz Tamires Conceição, Zandonade Eliana, de Paula Alves Bezerra Olívia Maria, Salaroli Luciane Bresciani
Graduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.
Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.
Nutr J. 2020 Mar 24;19(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s12937-020-00542-y.
The eating habits have changed in the last few decades, but few studies prioritize the food consumption of farmers and the rural population. Therefore, the objective of this study was explore the sociodemographic, occupational and lifestyle factors to the high adherence these dietary patterns.
This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study of 740 farmers (51.5%, n = 381 males; 48.5%, n = 359 females) from a municipality in Southeastern Brazil. Food intake data were obtained by applying multipass 24-h recall and dietary intake was presented in dietary patterns determined by Principal Component Analysis with varimax orthogonal rotation.
Three dietary patterns were identified. The first pattern, "local traditional", was associated with sociodemographic and labor variables, being considered typical of the region's farmer as white race/color (p = 0.003), not extra-physical activity (p = 0.014) and cultivating 5 or more crops (p = 0.005). The permanence of a "traditional Brazilian" pattern and the occurrence of an "industrialized" pattern were also observed. Farmers working in non-conventional agriculture were 54% less adhere to "traditional Brazilian" pattern (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.25-0.86, p = 0.014). Individuals aged 50 and over years were 82% less likely (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.10-0.30) to adhere to "industrialized" pattern. Still, individuals of lower socioeconomic class were 52% less likely to adhere to this pattern (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24-0.96). Farmers who spent R$ 200 or more per capita to buy food were more than twice as likely to adhere to this food pattern (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.32-3.73), and who had the habit of frequently eating out were 1.62 as likely adhere to "industrialized" pattern (95% CI 1.11-2.36).
The findings indicate changes in dietary patterns in rural areas of the country, maintaining a traditional Brazilian pattern, as well as a local and an industrialized pattern. This last pattern demonstrates that the contemporary rural population also opts for a diet with ultra-processed products, being associated with the characteristic habits of a more urbanized rural region.
在过去几十年里，饮食习惯发生了变化，但很少有研究将农民和农村人口的食物消费作为重点。因此，本研究的目的是探讨社会人口学、职业和生活方式因素对这些饮食模式高度依从性的影响。
这是一项对巴西东南部一个市的740名农民（51.5%，n = 381名男性；48.5%，n = 359名女性）进行的横断面流行病学研究。通过应用多轮24小时回忆法获取食物摄入数据，并以主成分分析和方差最大化正交旋转确定的饮食模式呈现饮食摄入量。
确定了三种饮食模式。第一种模式“当地传统型”与社会人口学和劳动变量相关，被认为是该地区农民的典型模式，如白人种族/肤色（p = 0.003）、无额外体育活动（p = 0.014）以及种植5种或更多作物（p = 0.005）。还观察到“巴西传统型”模式的持续存在以及“工业化型”模式的出现。从事非传统农业的农民对“巴西传统型”模式的依从性降低54%（OR 0.46，95%CI 0.25 - 0.86，p = 0.014）。50岁及以上的个体对“工业化型”模式的依从可能性降低82%（OR 0.18，95%CI 0.10 - 0.30）。此外，社会经济阶层较低的个体对该模式的依从可能性降低52%（OR 0.48，95%CI 0.24 - 0.96）。人均花费200雷亚尔或更多用于购买食物的农民对这种饮食模式的依从可能性是前者的两倍多（OR 2.22，95%CI 1.32 - 3.73），且有经常外出就餐习惯的农民对“工业化型”模式的依从可能性是前者的1.62倍（95%CI 1.11 - 2.36）。
研究结果表明该国农村地区的饮食模式发生了变化，保留了巴西传统模式以及当地和工业化模式。最后这种模式表明当代农村人口也选择食用超加工产品的饮食，这与农村地区城市化程度更高的典型习惯相关。
