Varrà Maria Olga, Lorenzi Valentina, Zanardi Emanuela, Menotta Simonetta, Fedrizzi Giorgio, Angelone Barbara, Gasparini Mara, Fusi Francesca, Foschini Stefano, Padovani Anna, Ghidini Sergio
Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", 25124 Brescia, Italy.
Foods. 2023 Apr 30;12(9):1869. doi: 10.3390/foods12091869.
Contamination levels of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were monitored over 2018-2021 in 214 bovine milk samples from farms located in two regions in northern Italy (Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna). The average concentrations of the sum of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs (0.78 ± 0.55 pg TEQ/g fat) and six non-dioxin-like PCBs (6.55 ± 2.24 ng/g fat) were largely below the maximum, and action limits established at European level, confirming a decreasing trend observed both locally and across Europe in recent years. The impact of contamination levels on chronic dietary exposure of the Italian population to dioxins and PCBs was found to be highly variable based on the type of cow milk (skimmed, semi-skimmed, or whole-fat milk) and the population age group considered. Indeed, a first-tier screening of the potential exposure via determinist methods allowed for the identification of the youngest population as the group with the worst risk profile. The refinement of exposure assessment via Monte Carlo probabilistic methods suggested that, at the less pessimistic middle-bound simulation scenario, infants, toddlers, and children consuming whole cow milk may be exposed to dioxins and PCBs levels above the toxicological reference values with a probability of 76, 56, and 22%, respectively.
2018年至2021年期间，对来自意大利北部两个地区（伦巴第和艾米利亚-罗马涅）农场的214份牛乳样本中的二噁英和多氯联苯（PCBs）污染水平进行了监测。二噁英和类二噁英多氯联苯总和（0.78±0.55皮克毒性当量/克脂肪）以及六种非类二噁英多氯联苯（6.55±2.24纳克/克脂肪）的平均浓度远低于欧洲层面设定的最高和行动限值，证实了近年来在当地和整个欧洲观察到的下降趋势。基于牛奶类型（脱脂、半脱脂或全脂牛奶）以及所考虑的人群年龄组，发现污染水平对意大利人群二噁英和多氯联苯慢性膳食暴露的影响差异很大。事实上，通过确定性方法对潜在暴露进行的初步筛查确定最年轻人群是风险状况最差的群体。通过蒙特卡洛概率方法对暴露评估的细化表明，在不太悲观的中间界限模拟情景下，食用全脂牛奶的婴儿、幼儿和儿童接触二噁英和多氯联苯水平超过毒理学参考值的概率分别为76%、56%和22%。
