Shen Yue, Du Yu-Zhou
School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
PeerJ. 2020 Mar 16;8:e8762. doi: 10.7717/peerj.8762. eCollection 2020.
Of the roughly 400 species of Perlidae in the world, most species are widely distributed in the northern hemisphere, but a few can be found in South Africa and South America. There are only five species in the genus of the family Perlidae in China. To gain a better understanding of the architecture and evolution of mitochondrial genome in , the entire mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of a Chinese Chu, 1929 from family Perlidae (Insecta: Plecoptera) was sequenced. The 15,805-bp long mitochondrial genome of contained 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs) and a putative control region (CR). The gene arrangement of was identical with that of other stoneflies and with the fly . Most PCGs of used the standard ATN start codons and complete TAN termination codons. Twenty-one of the 22 tRNA genes exhibited cloverleaf secondary structures, but the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm of (AGN) was completely reduced. Phylogenetic analyses with both Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood methods (ML) generated similar topology, both supporting the monophyly of all stonefly families and the infraorder Systellognatha. The phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial genomic data from 30 stonefly species recovered a well-supported tree resolving higher-level relationships within Plecoptera. The northern hemisphere suborder Arctoperlaria divided into two groups, Euholognatha and Systellognatha. The southern hemisphere suborder Antarctoperlaria formed two clades: Eustheniidae+Diamphipnoidae and Austroperlidae+ Gripopterygidae; consistent with relationships proposed based on morphology. The final relationships within Plecoptera were recovered as (((Perlidae+(Perlodidae+Chloroperlidae))+(Pteronarcyidae+(Peltoperlidae+Styloperlidae))) +(Taeniopterygidae+(Capniidae+(Nemouridae+Notonemouridae))))+ (Gripopterygoidae+Eusthenioidae).
世界上大约400种 Perlidae 中，大多数物种广泛分布于北半球，但少数物种可在南非和南美洲发现。中国 Perlidae 科的该属仅有5个物种。为了更好地了解线粒体基因组的结构和进化，对中国 Perlidae 科（昆虫纲：襀翅目）的一种 Chu, 1929 的完整线粒体基因组（线粒体基因组）进行了测序。该种15,805 bp 长的线粒体基因组包含37个基因，包括13个蛋白质编码基因（PCG）、22个转移RNA基因（tRNA）、两个核糖体RNA基因（rRNA）和一个假定的控制区（CR）。该种的基因排列与其他石蝇以及果蝇的相同。该种的大多数PCG使用标准的ATN起始密码子和完整的TAN终止密码子。22个tRNA基因中的21个呈现三叶草二级结构，但该种（AGN）的二氢尿嘧啶（DHU）臂完全退化。贝叶斯推断（BI）和最大似然法（ML）的系统发育分析产生了相似的拓扑结构，均支持所有石蝇科和下目 Systellognatha 的单系性。基于30种石蝇物种线粒体基因组数据的系统发育分析得到了一棵支持度良好的树，解析了襀翅目内的高级别关系。北半球亚目 Arctoperlaria 分为两组，真襀亚目和 Systellognatha。南半球亚目 Antarctoperlaria 形成两个分支：Eustheniidae+Diamphipnoidae 和 Austroperlidae+Gripopterygidae；与基于形态学提出的关系一致。襀翅目内的最终关系为（（（Perlidae+（Perlodidae+Chloroperlidae））+（Pteronarcyidae+（Peltoperlidae+Styloperlidae）））+（Taeniopterygidae+（Capniidae+（Nemouridae+Notonemouridae））））+（Gripopterygoidae+Eusthenioidae）。
