CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 790, 4150-171, Porto, Portugal.
J Hazard Mater. 2020 Jul 15;394:122545. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122545. Epub 2020 Mar 18.
Biodegradation of two highly persistent fluorinated fungicides, epoxiconazole (EPO) and fludioxonil (FLU), by microbial consortia enriched from estuarine sediment and agricultural soil is reported. After an enrichment period of 6 months, four microbial consortia were able to completely remove and defluorinate the fungicides in co-metabolic conditions. Defluorination was biologically mediated and results suggest it is not a primary catabolic step, as fungicide removal was always faster than its defluorination. Three of the four enriched consortia had similar biodegradation performances in the absence of a co-substrate. Biodegradation kinetics revealed that microbial degradation followed a first-order kinetics, with cultures being capable of biodegrading concentrations up to 10 mg L of EPO or FLU, in a maximum of 21 days. Estimated half-life values for these compounds were significantly lower than those reported in literature, highlighting the unique metabolic performance of the obtained consortia. Analysis of their microbial composition revealed that they integrate several bacterial species belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum, with the most common genera being Pseudomonas, Ochrobactrum and Comamonas. This is the first study providing clear evidence on the biodegradation of EPO and FLU, opening doors for the design of bioremediation technologies for the recovery of ecosystems polluted with such recalcitrant compounds.
从河口沉积物和农业土壤中富集的微生物群落对两种高度持久的含氟杀菌剂（表型唑和氟啶胺）进行了生物降解。经过 6 个月的富集期，四个微生物群落能够在共代谢条件下完全去除和脱氟杀菌剂。脱氟是生物介导的，结果表明它不是主要的分解代谢步骤，因为杀菌剂的去除速度总是快于脱氟。在没有共基质的情况下，四个富集群落中的三个具有相似的生物降解性能。生物降解动力学表明，微生物降解遵循一级动力学，培养物能够在最多 21 天内生物降解高达 10mg/L 的 EPO 或 FLU。这些化合物的估计半衰期值明显低于文献报道值，突出了获得的群落的独特代谢性能。对其微生物组成的分析表明，它们整合了属于变形菌门的几种细菌物种，最常见的属是假单胞菌、Ochrobactrum 和 Comamonas。这是首次提供关于 EPO 和 FLU 生物降解的明确证据的研究，为设计用于修复受此类难降解化合物污染的生态系统的生物修复技术开辟了道路。
