Cervino Gabriele, Fiorillo Luca, Arzukanyan Alina V, Spagnuolo Gianrico, Campagna Paola, Cicciù Marco
Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Minerva Stomatol. 2020 Feb;69(1):55-62. doi: 10.23736/S0026-4970.19.04263-8.
Dentistry, therefore implantology, prosthetics, implant prosthetics or orthodontics in all their variants, are medical and rehabilitative branches that have benefited greatly from these methods of investigation to improve the predictability of rehabilitations. We will examine the Finite Element Method and Finite Element Analysis in detail. This method involves the simulation of mechanical forces from an environment with infinite elements, the real one, to a simulation with finite elements.
The study searched MEDLINE databases from 2008 to 2018. Human use of FEM in vitro studies reported a contribution on oral rehabilitation through the use of FEM analysis. The initial search obtained 296 citations. After a first screening, the present revision considered the English-language works referred to human application of the FEM published in the last 10 years. Finally, 34 full texts were available after screening.
The ultimate aim of this review is to point out all the progress made in the field of bioengineering and therefore, thanks to this, in the field of medicine. Instrumental investigations such as FEM are an excellent tool that allows the evaluation of anatomical structures and any facilities for rehabilitation before moving on to experimentation on animals, so as to have mechanical characteristics and satisfactory load cycle testing.
FEM analysis contributes substantially to the development of new technologies and new materials in the biomedical field, being able to perform a large number of simulations without the need for patients or to perform human tests. Thanks to the 3D technology and to the reconstructions of both the anatomical structures and eventually the alloplastic structures used in the rehabilitations it is possible to consider all the mechanical characteristics, so that they can be analyzed in detail and improved where necessary. It is possible thanks to these methods to know what are the ideal characteristics of a material to promote an oral rehabilitation, so we know the characteristics, it remains only to take a step in the field of the industry for the construction of materials close to these characteristics.
因此，牙科学，包括种植学、修复学、种植修复学或正畸学的所有变体，都是医学和康复分支，极大地受益于这些研究方法，以提高修复的可预测性。我们将详细研究有限元法和有限元分析。该方法涉及从具有无限元素的真实环境模拟机械力，到有限元素的模拟。
该研究检索了2008年至2018年的MEDLINE数据库。关于人类在体外研究中使用有限元法的报告表明，通过有限元分析对口腔修复有贡献。初步检索获得296条引文。经过首次筛选，本次综述考虑了过去10年发表的关于有限元法在人类应用方面的英文文献。最后，筛选后有34篇全文可用。
本综述的最终目的是指出生物工程领域以及因此在医学领域所取得的所有进展。诸如有限元法之类的仪器研究是一种出色的工具，它允许在对动物进行实验之前评估解剖结构和任何康复设施，以便具有机械特性并进行令人满意的负载循环测试。
有限元分析对生物医学领域的新技术和新材料的开发做出了重大贡献，能够在无需患者或进行人体测试的情况下进行大量模拟。由于3D技术以及对解剖结构和最终用于修复的异体结构的重建，可以考虑所有机械特性，从而可以对其进行详细分析并在必要时加以改进。借助这些方法，有可能了解促进口腔修复的材料的理想特性，既然我们知道了这些特性，那么在材料制造行业中朝着制造接近这些特性的材料迈出一步就指日可待了。
