Smith-Palmer Jayne, Cerri Karin, Sbarigia Urbano, Chan Eric K H, Pollock Richard F, Valentine William J, Bonroy Kristien
Ossian Health Economics and Communications, Basel, Switzerland.
Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium.
Patient Relat Outcome Meas. 2020 Mar 9;11:95-107. doi: 10.2147/PROM.S226936. eCollection 2020.
People with chronic infectious diseases such as hepatitis B can face stigma, which can influence everyday life as well as willingness to engage with medical professionals or disclose disease status. A systematic literature review was performed to characterize the level and type of stigma experienced by people infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) as well as to identify instruments used to measure it.
A literature review was performed using the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases to identify studies describing HBV-related stigma. For inclusion, articles were required to be published in full-text form, in English and report quantitative or qualitative data on HBV-related stigma that could be extracted.
A total of 23 (17 quantitative and 6 qualitative) articles examined HBV-related stigma. The scope of the review was global but nearly all identified studies were conducted in countries in the WHO Southeast Asia or Western Pacific regions or within immigrant communities in North America. Several quantitative studies utilized tools specifically designed to assess aspects of stigma. Qualitative studies were primarily conducted via patient interviews. Internalized and social stigma were common among people living with chronic HBV . Some people also perceived structural/institutional stigma, with up to 20% believing that they may be denied healthcare and up to 30% stating they may experience workplace discrimination due to HBV.
HBV-related stigma is common, particularly in some countries in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific region and among Asian immigrant communities, but is poorly characterized in non-Asian populations. Initiatives are needed to document and combat stigma (particularly in settings/jurisdictions where it is poorly described) as well as its clinical and socioeconomic consequences.
患有慢性传染病（如乙型肝炎）的人可能会面临耻辱感，这会影响日常生活以及与医疗专业人员接触或披露疾病状况的意愿。进行了一项系统的文献综述，以描述感染乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的人所经历的耻辱感的程度和类型，并确定用于衡量耻辱感的工具。
使用PubMed、Embase和Cochrane图书馆数据库进行文献综述，以识别描述与HBV相关耻辱感的研究。纳入的文章要求以全文形式发表，用英文撰写，并报告可提取的与HBV相关耻辱感的定量或定性数据。
共有23篇文章（17篇定量研究和6篇定性研究）探讨了与HBV相关的耻辱感。综述的范围是全球性的，但几乎所有已确定的研究都是在世界卫生组织东南亚或西太平洋地区的国家或北美移民社区内进行的。几项定量研究使用了专门设计用于评估耻辱感方面的工具。定性研究主要通过患者访谈进行。内在耻辱感和社会耻辱感在慢性HBV感染者中很常见。一些人还感受到了结构性/机构性耻辱感，高达20%的人认为他们可能被拒绝医疗保健，高达30%的人表示他们可能因HBV而在工作场所受到歧视。
与HBV相关的耻辱感很常见，特别是在东南亚和西太平洋地区的一些国家以及亚洲移民社区中，但在非亚洲人群中特征描述较少。需要采取措施记录和消除耻辱感（特别是在描述不足的环境/司法管辖区）及其临床和社会经济后果。
