Roelke Melody E, Johnson Warren E, Millán Javier, Palomares Francisco, Revilla Eloy, Rodríguez Alejandro, Calzada Javier, Ferreras Pablo, León-Vizcaíno Luis, Delibes Miguel, O'Brien Stephen J
1Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, SAIC-Frederick, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 USA.
2Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 USA.
Eur J Wildl Res. 2008;54(2):171-178. doi: 10.1007/s10344-007-0122-2. Epub 2007 Jul 24.
The Iberian lynx () is the most endangered felid species in the world. Lynx populations have decreased dramatically in size and distribution in the last four decades, thus becoming increasingly vulnerable to catastrophic events such as epizooties. From 1989 to 2000, serum samples were obtained from 48 free-ranging lynx captured in the Doñana National Park (DNP, = 31) and mountains of Sierra Morena (SM, n = 17) in southern Spain. Samples were tested for antibodies against , feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV), feline/canine parvovirus (FPV/CPV), feline coronavirus, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline leukaemia virus and canine distemper virus (CDV) and for FeLV p27 antigen, to document baseline exposure levels. Antibodies against were detected in 44% of lynx, with a significantly greater prevalence in DNP (61%) than in SM (12%). In DNP, prevalence was significantly higher in adult (81%) than in juvenile and sub-adult (41%) lynx, but no such difference was observed in SM. Low prevalences (≤11%) of minimally positive titres were found for FHV-1, FCV and FPV/CPV. This, combined with the lack of evidence for exposure to CDV, FIV and FeLV, suggests that these lynx populations are naïve and might be vulnerable to a disease outbreak in the future. Because of the reduced size of lynx populations, the documented low level of genetic variation (particularly in the DNP population) coupled with the recently documented state of immune depletion in a majority of necropsied lynx, it is important to better understand the threat and potential impact that disease agents might pose for the conservation of this endangered species. Future surveillance programs must include possible disease reservoir hosts such as domestic cats and dogs and other wild carnivores.
伊比利亚猞猁（）是世界上最濒危的猫科动物。在过去四十年里，猞猁的种群数量和分布范围急剧减少，因此越来越容易受到诸如 epizooties 等灾难性事件的影响。1989 年至 2000 年期间，从在西班牙南部多尼亚纳国家公园（DNP，n = 31）和莫雷纳山脉（SM，n = 17）捕获的 48 只自由放养的猞猁身上采集了血清样本。对样本进行了针对、猫疱疹病毒 1 型（FHV - 1）、猫杯状病毒（FCV）、猫/犬细小病毒（FPV/CPV）、猫冠状病毒、猫免疫缺陷病毒（FIV）、猫白血病病毒和犬瘟热病毒（CDV）的抗体检测，以及 FeLV p27 抗原检测，以记录基线暴露水平。在 44%的猞猁中检测到了针对的抗体，DNP 中的患病率（61%）显著高于 SM（12%）。在 DNP 中，成年猞猁（81%）的患病率显著高于幼年和亚成年猞猁（41%），但在 SM 中未观察到这种差异。FHV - 1、FCV 和 FPV/CPV 的最低阳性滴度患病率较低（≤11%）。这与缺乏接触 CDV、FIV 和 FeLV 的证据相结合，表明这些猞猁种群未接触过这些病原体，未来可能易受疾病爆发的影响。由于猞猁种群数量减少，记录的遗传变异水平较低（特别是在 DNP 种群中），再加上最近在大多数尸检猞猁中记录到的免疫耗竭状态，更好地了解病原体可能对这种濒危物种的保护构成的威胁和潜在影响非常重要。未来的监测计划必须包括可能的疾病储存宿主，如家猫和家犬以及其他野生食肉动物。
