Amin Shaimaa N, Hassan Sherif S, Khashaba Ahmed S, Youakim Magdy F, Latif Noha S Abdel, Rashed Laila A, Yassa Hanan D
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11451, Egypt.
Brain Sci. 2020 Mar 25;10(4):193. doi: 10.3390/brainsci10040193.
Acute restraint stress (ARS) is an unavoidable stress situation and may be encountered in different clinical situations. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of ARS on the hippocampus and cerebellum, assess the impact of these effects on the behavior and cognitive function, and determine whether pretreatment with ceftriaxone would attenuate the damages produced by ARS on the hippocampus and cerebellum. Four groups of male mice were included in this study: The control group, ARS group, ceftriaxone group, and ARS + ceftriaxone group. Tail suspension test, Y-maze task, and open field tests were used to assess depression, working spatial memory, and anxiety. The biochemical analyses included measurements of serum cortisol, tumor necrotic factor (TNF), interleukin-6, hippocampal expression of bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1), heat shock protein 90, cerebellar expression of S100 protein, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), and carbon anhydrase. Histopathological examination of the brain sections was conducted on the hippocampus and cerebellum by hematoxylin and eosin stains in addition to ultrastructure evaluation using electron microscopy. Our results suggested that ceftriaxone had neuroprotective properties by attenuating the effects of ARS on the hippocampus and cerebellum in mice. This effect was demonstrated by the improvement in the cognitive and behavioral tests as well as by the preservation of the hippocampal and cerebellar architecture.
急性束缚应激（ARS）是一种不可避免的应激情况，可能在不同的临床情境中出现。本研究的目的是调查ARS对海马体和小脑的影响，评估这些影响对行为和认知功能的作用，并确定头孢曲松预处理是否会减轻ARS对海马体和小脑造成的损伤。本研究纳入了四组雄性小鼠：对照组、ARS组、头孢曲松组和ARS +头孢曲松组。采用悬尾试验、Y迷宫任务和旷场试验来评估抑郁、工作空间记忆和焦虑。生化分析包括测量血清皮质醇、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）、白细胞介素-6、海马体中骨形态发生蛋白9（BMP9）、溶酶体相关膜蛋白1（LAMP1）、谷氨酸转运体1（GLT1）、热休克蛋白90的表达，小脑组织中S100蛋白、谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD）和碳酸酐酶的表达。除了使用电子显微镜进行超微结构评估外，还对海马体和小脑的脑切片进行苏木精和伊红染色的组织病理学检查。我们的结果表明，头孢曲松通过减轻ARS对小鼠海马体和小脑的影响而具有神经保护特性。认知和行为测试的改善以及海马体和小脑结构的保留证明了这种作用。
