Saarinen Pekka, Kalliomäki Petri, Koskela Hannu, Tang Julian W
1Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland.
2Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland.
Build Simul. 2018;11(3):585-596. doi: 10.1007/s12273-017-0422-8. Epub 2017 Nov 6.
In hospital isolation rooms, door operation can lead to containment failures and airborne pathogen dispersal into the surrounding spaces. Sliding doors can reduce the containment failure arising from the door motion induced airflows, as compared to the hinged doors that are typically used in healthcare facilities. Such airflow leakage can be measured quantitatively using tracer gas techniques, but detailed observation of the turbulent flow features is very difficult. However, a comprehensive understanding of these flows is important when designing doors to further reduce such containment failures. Experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling, by using Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) flow solver, were used to study airflow patterns in a full-scale mock-up, consisting of a sliding door separating two identical rooms (i.e. one isolation room attached to an antechamber). A single sliding door open/ hold-open/ closing cycle was studied. Additional variables included human passage through the doorway and imposing a temperature difference between the two rooms. The general structures of computationally-simulated flow features were validated by comparing the results to smoke visualizations of identical full-scale experimental set-ups. It was found that without passage the air volume leakage across the doorway was first dominated by vortex shedding in the wake of the door, but during a prolonged hold-open period a possible temperature difference soon became the predominant driving force. Passage generates a short and powerful pulse of leakage flow rate even if the walker stops to wait for the door to open.
supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12273-017-0422-8.
在医院隔离病房中，门的开合操作可能导致隔离失效，并使空气传播病原体扩散到周围空间。与医疗设施中常用的铰链门相比，滑动门可减少因门运动引起的气流导致的隔离失效。这种气流泄漏可使用示踪气体技术进行定量测量，但对湍流特征进行详细观测非常困难。然而，在设计门以进一步减少此类隔离失效时，全面了解这些气流非常重要。通过使用大涡模拟（LES）流动求解器进行实验和计算流体动力学（CFD）建模，研究了一个全尺寸模型中的气流模式，该模型由一扇滑动门将两个相同的房间（即一个隔离病房连接一个前室）隔开。研究了单个滑动门的打开/保持打开/关闭周期。其他变量包括人员通过门口以及在两个房间之间设置温差。通过将计算模拟的流动特征结果与相同全尺寸实验装置的烟雾可视化结果进行比较，验证了计算模拟流动特征的一般结构。结果发现，在没有人员通过的情况下，门口的空气泄漏量首先由门后的涡旋脱落主导，但在长时间保持打开期间，可能出现的温差很快成为主要驱动力。即使行人停下来等待门打开，人员通过也会产生一个短暂而强烈的泄漏流量脉冲。
电子补充材料ESM：补充材料可在本文的在线版本中获取，链接为10.1007/s12273-017-0422-8。
