Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S 2nd St, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Ave North, Suite 301b, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
Environ Res. 2020 Jun;185:109408. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109408. Epub 2020 Mar 18.
We investigated the effects of regular walking in green and suburban environments on heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure (BP) in middle-aged adults. Twenty-three adults participated in a non-randomized crossover experiment comprised of once-weekly 50-min moderate-intensity walking sessions. Separated by a two-week washout period, participants walked for three weeks in each of two treatment conditions (green and suburban) in a local arboretum and suburban sidewalks of Chaska, MN. Eleven participants completed green walking first and 12 suburban walking first. Walks were split into 15-min intra-walk phases, with phases representing each walk's beginning, middle, and final 15-min. Repeated measures linear mixed models evaluated (1) HRV phase differences between treatments and HRV change within treatments, and (2) pre- and post-walk BP differences between treatments and pre-to post-walk BP changes. Intra-walk phase analyses revealed higher HRV during green walking vs. suburban walking during phase 2 (p < 0.0001) and phase 3 (p = 0.02). Less HRV reduction was seen between intra-walk phases 1 and 2 during green vs. suburban walking (p = 0.02). Pre-to post-walk changes revealed decreased mean systolic BP for both green (p = 0.0002) and suburban (p = 0.003) walking conditions, but not for diastolic BP. Post-walk BP results were similar after both green walking and suburban walking. In summary, walking sessions in a green environment elicited greater beneficial HRV responses compared to a suburban environment. Additionally, walking in either environment, green or suburban, promoted reductions in systolic BP.
我们研究了在中年成年人中，定期在绿色和郊区环境中散步对心率变异性（HRV）和血压（BP）的影响。23 名成年人参加了一项非随机交叉实验，包括每周一次的 50 分钟中等强度的散步。在两周的洗脱期后，参与者在明尼苏达州 Chaska 的当地植物园和郊区人行道上的两种治疗条件下（绿色和郊区）分别进行了三周的步行。11 名参与者先进行绿色步行，12 名参与者先进行郊区步行。散步被分为 15 分钟的内散步阶段，每个阶段代表每次散步的开始、中间和最后 15 分钟。重复测量线性混合模型评估了（1）治疗之间的 HRV 阶段差异和治疗内的 HRV 变化，以及（2）治疗之间的预和后 BP 差异以及预到后的 BP 变化。内散步阶段分析显示，在阶段 2（p < 0.0001）和阶段 3（p = 0.02），绿色散步时的 HRV 高于郊区散步时的 HRV。在绿色与郊区步行时，内散步阶段 1 和 2 之间的 HRV 减少较少（p = 0.02）。预到后的步行变化显示，绿色（p = 0.0002）和郊区（p = 0.003）步行条件下的平均收缩压均降低，但舒张压没有降低。绿色步行和郊区步行后，BP 结果相似。总之，与郊区环境相比，绿色环境中的散步会引起更大的有益 HRV 反应。此外，在任何环境中（绿色或郊区）散步都可以促进收缩压的降低。
