Universidade Estadual de Londrina.
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
Motor Control. 2020 Mar 28;24(3):457-471. doi: 10.1123/mc.2019-0060.
According to Bernstein, the central nervous system solution to the human body's enormous variation in movement choice and control when directing movement-the problem of degrees of freedom (DF)-is to freeze the number of possibilities at the beginning of motor learning. However, different strategies of freezing DF are observed in literature, and the means of selection of the control strategy during learning is not totally clear. This review investigated the possible effects of the class and objectives of the skill practiced on DF control strategies. The results of this review suggest that freezing or releasing the DF at the beginning of learning does not depend on the class (e.g., discrete skill class: football kick, dart throwing; continuous skill class: athletic march, handwriting) or objective of the skill (e.g., balance, velocity, and accuracy), in isolation. However, an interaction between these two skill elements seems to exist and influences the selection of the DF control strategy.
伯恩斯坦认为，中枢神经系统解决人体在运动指导中运动选择和控制的巨大变化——自由度问题（DF）——的方法是在运动学习的开始冻结运动的可能性数量。然而，文献中观察到了不同的冻结 DF 的策略，并且在学习过程中选择控制策略的手段并不完全清楚。本综述研究了所练习的技能的类别和目标对 DF 控制策略的可能影响。本综述的结果表明，在学习开始时冻结或释放 DF 并不取决于技能的类别（例如，离散技能类：足球踢、飞镖投掷；连续技能类：竞技行军、手写）或技能的目标（例如，平衡、速度和准确性）。然而，这两个技能要素之间似乎存在相互作用，并影响 DF 控制策略的选择。
