人格对青少年 ADHD 药物治疗的依从性和信念，以及对 ADHD 的看法的影响。
Impact of personality on adherence to and beliefs about ADHD medication, and perceptions of ADHD in adolescents.
机构信息
Department of Health Science, Section of Nursing Graduate Level, University West, 461 86, Trollhättan, Sweden.
Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Nr 2, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.
出版信息
BMC Psychiatry. 2020 Mar 30;20(1):139. doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02543-x.
BACKGROUND
Adherence to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication can prevent serious consequences, possibly with lifelong effects. Numerous factors have been observed that influence adherent behaviour, but the impact of personality traits has been inadequately explored. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between personality traits and adherence to ADHD medication, beliefs about the medication, and perceptions of ADHD.
METHOD
Adolescents (n = 99) on ADHD medication were administered: Health-Relevant Personality Traits Five-Factor Inventory, Medication Adherence Report Scale, Beliefs about Medicines Specific and Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaires.
RESULTS
The personality trait Antagonism correlated with adherence behaviour (r = - 0.198, p = 0.005) and perceived personal control of ADHD (r = - 0.269, p = 0.007). Negative Affectivity correlated with beliefs regarding necessity (r = 0.319, p = 0.001), concerns (r = 0.344, p = 0.001), and experienced side effects of medication (r = 0.495, p = 0.001), alongside perceptions regarding duration (r = 0.272, p = 0.007), identity (r = 0.388, p < 0.001), being emotionally affected (r = 0.374, p < 0.01), personal control (r = - 0.287, p = 0.004) and concerns about ADHD (r = 0.465, p < 0.001). Impulsivity correlated with perceived consequences (r = - 0.226, p = 0.0255) and personal control of ADHD (r = - 0.379, p < 0.001). Hedonic Capacity correlated with concerns about medication (r = - 0.218, p = 0.0316) and perceived identification with ADHD (r = - 0.203, p = 0.045).
CONCLUSION
Personality traits are related to adherence, beliefs about ADHD medicines and perceptions of ADHD. Antagonism is associated with adherence, especially intentional non-adherence, while Negative Affectivity correlates with numerous perceptions of ADHD and beliefs about medications. Personality assessments could be useful in the care and treatment of adolescents with ADHD.
背景
坚持使用治疗注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的药物可以预防严重后果，可能会产生终身影响。 已经观察到许多影响依从性行为的因素，但人格特质的影响尚未得到充分探索。 本研究的目的是探讨人格特质与 ADHD 药物依从性、对药物的信念以及对 ADHD 的认知之间的关系。
方法
对 99 名服用 ADHD 药物的青少年进行了以下评估：健康相关人格特质五因素量表、药物依从性报告量表、药物特异性信念量表和简要疾病感知问卷。
结果
对立人格特质与依从行为呈负相关（r=-0.198，p=0.005），与对 ADHD 个人控制的感知呈负相关（r=-0.269，p=0.007）。 负性情感与对药物的必要性（r=0.319，p=0.001）、担忧（r=0.344，p=0.001）和药物副作用的感知（r=0.495，p=0.001）相关，与对药物的认知有关，包括持续时间（r=0.272，p=0.007）、身份（r=0.388，p<0.001）、受情绪影响（r=0.374，p<0.01）、个人控制（r=-0.287，p=0.004）和对 ADHD 的担忧（r=0.465，p<0.001）。 冲动与对后果的感知（r=-0.226，p=0.0255）和对 ADHD 的个人控制（r=-0.379，p<0.001）呈负相关。 享乐能力与对药物的担忧（r=-0.218，p=0.0316）和对 ADHD 的认同感知（r=-0.203，p=0.045）相关。
结论
人格特质与依从性、对 ADHD 药物的信念和对 ADHD 的认知有关。 对立性与依从性有关，尤其是故意不依从，而负性情感与对 ADHD 的多种认知和对药物的信念有关。 人格评估在 ADHD 青少年的护理和治疗中可能有用。
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